Neoclassical Age

The 18th coulomb is a distinguishing period in British lit. It is a timeline in which classical literary conventions in terms of the literary techniques in different genres are revived. After the Renaissancea period of exploration and expansivenesscame a reaction in the direction of order and restraint. Generally speaking, this reaction developed in France in the mid-seventeenth century and in England thirty years later and it dominated European literature until the last part of the eighteenth century.It is a period where counterfeiting and facades are very important in some ways the country was trying to act resembling the Interregnum and English civil wars had not happened, and there is both a willful suppression of the immediate past and a glorification of the more distant, classical ro valet pastwhich is why it is called the Neoclassical period. Neoclassical writers, such as Samuel Johnson, Moliere and Alexander pope, sought clear, precise language.They standardized spelling a nd grammar, shifted away from the complex metaphors employed by Shakespeare and simplified literary structures. Neoclassical writers often adopted a rigid view toward society. Although Renaissance writers were fascinated by rebels and the Romantics later idealized them, neoclassical writers felt up that the individual should conform to social norms. Although society was probably corrupt, individual views could not stand against the truths found in the consensus of society.Principals of Neoclassic Age in Alexander Popes essay on man There are many plans regarding literary criticism that are instantiated in the first part of Popes Essay the problem of bad writing and criticism, and the greater danger of the latter to the public the rarity of genius and taste in poets and critics respectively the impairing of the capacity of circumstantial judg ment by unsound education the causes for the multitude of literary critics (those who cant write, judge and the critics need to know the li mits of his genius, taste, and learning in the exercise of criticism. What is the al-Qaeda for literary composition and the practice of criticism? What provides the common ground and gives guidance for both? For Pope, the answer was found in a specific eighteenth century understanding of the honorific term and concept of NATURE. First follow Nature and your judgment frame By her just standard, which is pacify the same Unerring NATURE, still divinely bright,One clear, unchanged, and universal get, Life, force, beauty, must(prenominal) to all impart, At once the source, and end, and test of Art. (Lines 68-73) Nature is the ultimate authority (Williams 219) in Popes Essay, and is presented here as that canon or standard to which both with (creative poetic and literary expression) and critical judgment are to conform. Authors and critics are to write and to judge according to the clear, unchanged, and universal light just standards of inerrant Nature.In literature and criticism, Nat ure is all-significant as its source, as its aim, and as its test. Art is from Nature, unto Nature, and by Nature. But what, exactly, does Pope mean by this all-encompassing concept? Williams expresses the eighteenth-century, neo-classical understanding of this doctrine in these terms. Fundamental to neo-classical thought about Nature is the conception of a cosmos which, in its order and regularity and accord, reflects the order and harmony of the Divine Mind of its Creator. . . Man can perceive this order and rule in Nature because he has a rational soul made in the image of that Natures Creator. . . . In the view which prevails in the period Nature is the manifestation in the visible creation of the Order and Reason roll in the hay all things, a reflection of the medieval view that the likeness of God is imprinted in the very matter and organization of the universe (219-20). In concluding bug out One of his Essay, Pope is so taken with the natural goodness of the primeval autho rs that he has difficulty restraining himself in declaring their praise.The religious nature of their veneration is not unless transparent, but also significant literarily. Here in worship before a common altar, divisions and sects and quarrels in criticism are forgotten as men unite in a single congregation. The learned from all climes and ages bring . . . their incense to a common shrine . . . . Popes verse . . . rises in full response to the inspiration his age received from a glorious past, a past which was both an inspiration, and a reproach, to the present (Williams 229).Creation, fall, redemption this basic scriptural schema provides the paradigm for Alexander Popes An Essay on Criticism. Just as the focus of the biblical narrative is on the salvaging of a sin-wrecked creation, so the movement of Alexander Popes Essay on Criticism is toward the restoration of a fallen classical poetics for eighteenth century England. This parallel supplies centerfield and shape to the Essay s grand purpose and 13 design. And in both the Scriptures and in Pope, the goals of cosmic and poetic restoration are ones for which we can and must give thanks.Neoclassicism replaced the Renaissance view of man as an inherently good being capable of astounding intellectual growth by the image of man as a sinful and presumptuous creature with a limited intellectual capacity. Whereas the Renaissance had emphasized imagination and mysticism, Neoclasscisim emphasized order, reason, common sense, and conservatism. Thewidely utilise prose literary forms were the essay, the letter, the satire, the parody, the burlesque, and the moral fable andin poetry, themost renownverse form was the rhymed couplet.Popes heroic couplets are a prime example of this form. As reason should guide human individuals and societies, it should also direct artistic creation. Neoclassical art is not meant to seem a spontaneous outpouring of emotion or imagination. Emotion appears, of course but it is consciously controlled. A work of art should be logically organized and should advocate rational norms. The Misanthrope, for example, is focused on its case more consistently than are any of Shakespeares plays.Its hero and his society are judged according to their conformity or lack of conformity to Reason, and its ideal, voiced by Philinte, is the reasonable one of the golden mean. The cool rationality and control characteristic of neoclassical art fostered wit, equally evident in the regular couplets of Moliere and the balanced sentences of Austen. Sharp and brainy wit, produced within the clearly defined ideals of neoclassical art, and focused on people in their social context, make this perhaps the worlds greatest age of comedy and satire.