10 Companies Hiring Admins Like Crazy Right Now

10 Companies Hiring Admins Like Crazy Right Now Every company needs an administrative professional to operate the office. If you are looking to find a job in the admin field, you are in the right place. We have found 10 companies that are hiring admins like crazy right now.1. Sutherland Global ServicesEstablished in 1986,   Sutherland Global Services is a global provider of business process and technology management services. It employs over 36,000 professionals and has locations across the United States, Australia, Brazil, and other countries.See all open admin jobs  from  sutherland global services2. Quest QiagnosticsQuest Diagnostics is a leading clinical lab and offers the most extensive clinical testing network in the U.S. It employs over 10000+ professionals country wide.See all open admin jobs  from Quest Diagnostics3. Mount SinaiThe mission of the Mount Sinai Health System is to provide compassionate patient care and advance biomedical research. It employs over 6600 physicians, 12 ambulatory surgery centers, over 4 5 ambulatory practices.See all open admin jobs  from Mount Sinai4. Baylor Scott White healthBaylor Scott White Health is the largest not-for-profit health care system in the state of Texas. The organization includes 56 hospitals, more than 5,800 active physicians, and over 40,000 employees.See all open admin jobs  from Baylor Scott White Health5. SobeysEstablished in 1907, Sobeys is one of only two national grocery retailers in Canada. Sobeys hires over 124,000 employees all over the country.See all open admin jobs  from Sobeys6. VHAVHA home healthcare (VHA) is a not-for-profit chartiable organization, providing health care and support services to people of all ages and cultural backgrounds. it also employs over 2000 staff and service providers.See all open admin jobs  from VHA7. LowesLowes is a home improvement company and has stores across United States, Canada and Mexico. Lowes has more than 1,840 home improvement and hardware stores and hires over 265,000 employees.Se e all open admin jobs  from Lowes8. Express ScriptsExpress Scripts is a prescription benefit plan provider and manages prescriptions for over 100 million Americans. Express Scripts hires over 10,000 employees across the country.See all open admin jobs  from Express Scripts9. Air Force Personnel CenterAFPC executes programs covering the entire life cycle of military and civilian personnel for the air force and ensures commanders around the world have the right number of skilled air forced personnel to conduct the mission.See all open admin jobs  from Air Force Personnel Center10. Hudsons BayFound in 1670, Hudsons Bay is North Americas longest continually operated company. It has more than 460 stores and employs over 66,000 staff around the world.See all open admin jobs  from Hudsons Bay

History of the Wailing or Western Wall

History of the Wailing or Western Wall The Wailing Wall, also referred to as the Kotel, the Western Wall or Solomons Wall, and whose lower sections date to about the second century B.C.E., is located in the Old Quarter of East Jerusalem in Israel. Built of thick, corroded limestone, it is about 60 feet (20 meters) high and close to 160 feet (50 meters) long, though most of it is engulfed in other structures.   A Sacred Jewish Site The wall is believed by devout Jews to be the Western Wall of the Second Temple of Jerusalem (destroyed by the Romans in 70 C.E.), the only surviving structure of the Herodian Temple. The temples original location is in dispute, leading some Arabs to dispute the claim that the wall belongs to the temple, arguing instead that it is part of the structure of Al-Aqsa Mosque on the Temple Mount. The structures description as the Wailing Wall derives from its Arabic identification as el-Mabka, or place of weeping, frequently repeated by European - and particularly French - travelers to the Holy Land in the 19th century as le mur des lamentations.  Jewish devotions believe that the divine presence never departs from the Western Wall. The Wailing Wall is one of the great Arab-Israeli struggles. Jews and Arabs dispute who is in control of the wall and who has access to it, and many Muslims maintain that the Wailing Wall has no relation to ancient Judaism at all. Sectarian and ideological claims aside, the Wailing Wall remains a sacred place for Jews and others who often pray - or perhaps  wail - and sometimes slip prayers written on paper through the walls welcoming fissures. In July 2009, Alon Nil launched a free service allowing people around the world to Twitter their prayers, which are then taken in printed form to the Wailing Wall. Israels Annexation of the Wall After the war of 1948 and the Arab capture of the Jewish Quarter in Jerusalem, Jews were generally banned from praying at the Wailing Wall, which was at times defaced by political posters. Israel annexed Arab East Jerusalem immediately after the 1967 Six Day War and claimed ownership of the citys religious sites. Incensed - and fearing that the tunnel the Israelis began digging, starting from the Wailing Wall and under the Temple Mount, shortly after the war was over was designed to undermine the foundations of Al-Aqsa Mosque, Islams third holiest site after the mosques in Mecca and Medina in Saudi Arabia - Palestinians and other Muslims rioted, triggering a clash with Israeli forces that left five Arabs dead and hundreds wounded. In January 2016, the Israeli government  approved the first space where non-Orthodox Jews of both sexes can pray side by side, and the first Reform prayer service of both men and women took place in February 2016 in a section of the wall known as Robinsons Arch.

Economic Models Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economic Models - Essay Example The aggregate supply and demand model is dictated by the standard of the models in the market. This captures the level of interaction between the buyer and the seller in both the long and short-term model. In the economy, there is a great relationship between the demand and the supply in the market. The fluctuation of one greatly affects the balance of the other. For instance, it is traditionally known that whenever the level of demand is high, there would be an automatic increase in price to contain the equilibrium in the market (Cohn 2007). The case is vice versa when there is low demand. The demand of commodities in the market is low, and then the prices would be lower to attract more buyers. The AS/AD model explains this phenomenal to an understandable degree of agreement between the market dynamics. Demand, in o5ther economic terms is explained as the quantity of goods a population is willing to purchase in an economy at a particular price. On the other hand, supply is the amoun t a market can offer to its people. The law of the demand in a market dictates that, the higher the price, the lower the demand of goods and services in a specific market. The opportunity cost of buying the goods goes higher because people would have other preferences in their decision. It is most apparent that people would look for other alternative means when the prices in the market are not favorable. The law of supply also has a great determination in the market. This law dictates that, when the prices are high, there are high supplies in the market. This is because suppliers seek the opportunity to make more profit when the prices are high. The Aggregate supply and demand graph When the supply and the level of production are lower than the natural level, then the economy is bound to suffer. This would mean that the level of gross domestic product of a country is low. This would mean that the government would not be in a position of raising enough capital to fund its endeavors. When the level of production goes below the natural levels, the rate of unemployment would also rise. A number of people would be laid off because the government would not be in a position of maintaining. The impact of reduced GDP would further pose many challenges in the economy. People’s welfare would not be adequately looked into and the government would neglect their wellbeing. Prices of goods are bound to increase in such a situation. The prices would take the effect of the law of demand, but this would further pose challenge to the economy of the state. When the supply is low, people are not willing to pay more for the goods, and services would further make suppliers and investors hard time in supplying the economy. This is a major setback. In a situation where people are not willing to supply the market due to poor prices and at the same time, people do not have resource to buy the products in the market. The situation should not be like this in any economy. The adjust ment process in the economy It is a natural phenomenon that people and situations would always resist change but rather choose to be comfortable with the normal. However, not every market is marked with an absolute degree of permanency. A time comes when things have to change. Things have to be done in a new way to enable the market of the economy to take care of the ever-increasing value and demands of humanity. In every day’s market, prices are bound to change; the quality and quantities in the market fluctuate. The first cause of the market adjustment is the determinant. The determinant of a market adjustment

Water and Air Pollution in Shanghai China Article

Water and Air Pollution in Shanghai China - Article Example Air and water pollution in Shanghai is caused mainly by industrialization and the rapid increase in population. Air pollution levels are through the roof and the water in most parts is not safe for drinking. Water and air pollution in Shanghai, China, has been of great concern to the government, environmentalists and the general public, as the effects continue to affect the environment while many people have gotten incurable diseases and some have died as a result of the two and addressing the issue can be of great importance to the environment, the population and the country. Causes of Air and Water Pollution in Shanghai Coal Coal has been used in China for many centuries. Historians believe that coal in China was used as early as 1000 B.C. since then, it has been a major source of energy in China. Currently, China is the largest producer of coal producing an approximately three billion tons. China consumes more than one billion tons of coal for production of energy. In fact, about 70% of Chinese energy is from coal. Energy is produced by burning the coal. This process leads to a number of by products including smog, soot, carbonaceous gases, methane, sulfur dioxides and nitrogen oxides. These gases are the major causes of air pollution in Shanghai and around China. Coal mining and combustion around Shanghai produces about 37% of air pollution (United Nations Technical Cooperation, 12). Coal use has also been associated with water pollution through several ways. Coal plants use large amounts of water for cooling the plant. Water is also used in these plants to remove impurities that may affect the combustion of coal. The water used has to be released at some point. The water may come into contact with the products and byproducts of coal for example methane, arsenic and particulates. At the same time, the rains may wash out some heavy metal compounds from coal. Coal is usually stored just outside the coal mines and is not covered in most cases (U.S Environmental Protection Agency 5). Whether water is released to a safe disposal place or not it has to find its way to the main water bodies in some way. It can be through run off after rains or through seepage through the rocks in the adjacent areas. Also, sulfur dioxides produced during the production of energy from coal forms a layer of cloud above the earth and leads to acid rain after precipitation landing on vegetat ion and water bodies. Environmentalists also believe that the particulates formed and aerosols are dispersed by wind and end up in the water bodies contaminating the water (Smil 233). Industrialization Shanghai is one of the largest industrial cities and ports in the world. There are more than 10,000 large industries in the city of varying products and services. All these industries have waste which has to be dumped off at some point. As of 1999, industrial waste in Shanghai was estimated to be at 999 million tones per year. 93% of the waste were treated by the rest remained untreated posing a possible pollutant to the environment. Domestic waste on the other hand was estimated to be 380,550 tones within the same period. The monitoring institution stated that most of the waste contained oils and dangerous chemicals which found their way into the water sources (Huizhen 3). Industrial waste and domestic waste in Shanghai has been on the increase since 1997. Many industries have been e stablished and the existing ones have to cope with the increased demand for the various products. The industrial sector has been growing at an average of 11% per year from 1978 to 2008 in China. With Shanghai being one of the major industrial cities, the growth is expected to be around the same rate if not better. The rapid growth in the sector was attributed to by the cheap

Where Does the Customer Fit in Innovation Strategy Assignment

Where Does the Customer Fit in Innovation Strategy - Assignment Example se a panel data constructed from numerous organizational surveys conducted over a nine-year period to prove the very importance of customer-input as a way of responding to rapid market changes; â€Å"market orientation† is, thus, a critical factor both for the success of a new product released into the market as well as that of the firm in general. Investigating the very same topic but in a different dimension in a study titled â€Å"Integrating Customers in Product Innovation: Lessons from Industrial Development Contractors and In-House Contractors in Rapidly Changing Customer Markets,† Sandmeier, Morrison and Gassmann (2010) concurs with above scholars noting that the modern customer is an active co-designer in the creation of value, injecting their specialized knowledge of needs into the mainstream production away from the traditional, passive recipient. Dell’s ‘IdeaStorm,’ one of the most successful crowd sourcing forums ever invented in history, serves as a perfect example of how the ideas generated by the customers can be efficiently incorporated into the innovation process. Through IdeaStorm alongside organized events, customer panels, partnerships among other avenues, the company gathers product requirements directly from tens of thousands of daily customer-interactions with a complete view of the industry’s landscape (Rohrbeck, Steinhoff, & Perder, 2008). Dell started out as a direct seller from its very inception—beginning with a mail order way before the use of the internet to drive sales. The deletion of the traditional middlemen distribution process allowed the company to generate own corrective market data tailored towards customer needs. In its quest to deliver value to customers, the company has pursued virtual integration, developing effective partnerships with manufacturers [suppliers] that enabled â€Å"just-in-time† delivery with significant cost and product pricing advantages compared to the competitors’ in-house operations. Most

Feminist Theories in Social Work

Feminist Theories in Social Work This research considers the application of feminist thought in social work practise.   Specific areas of consideration include the gap from social workers’ personal acceptance of feminist constructs and their use of such constructs in daily practise, the effects of perpetuation of hegemonic gender roles by social workers, and domestic violence victims perceptions of the effectiveness of social work based on the perspectives of their social workers as considered above.   This research further describes a focus group of college social work students who are also domestic violence victims. It records their perceptions of social workers’ worldviewsand the impact of such on service.   Conclusions include that there is asignificant gap between the understanding or acceptance of feministconstructs amongst social workers and its application in daily fieldpractise, that social workers are often likely to perpetuate hegemonicgender roles, and because of such perpetuation view domestic violencesituations as individual occurrences rather than part of a greatersocietal pattern of oppression, and that domestic violence survivorsfeel best served when work with them uses a feminist theoreticalframework. INTRODUCTION Feminism and social work have been associated for many years; however,although many social workers personally espouse working from a feministperspective, the systems of social work still favour work from atraditional or patriarchal perspective.   This research, therefore,seeks to first consider findings from previous study regarding thisphenomenon and the theoretical frameworks for both social work andfeminist thought.   In this light of information gleaned from thesefindings, it became apparent that hegemonic gender roles, a commontopic of feminist research, play a relevant part in work with survivorsof domestic violence.   Specifically, domestic violence survivors areoften directed, either explicitly or implicitly, that their situationis personal and should be considered and dealt with from a personal andpathological perspective rather than applying the tenets of feministthought that view such situations as manifestations of structural andpower problems in our greater society .This study then seeks to document whether this gap between social worktheory supportive of feminist worldviews and social work application ofpractise exists, and if so, how prevalent a gap it is.   This isaccomplished through use of a focus group of college students, all ofwhom have taken at least one course in social work theory and arethemselves domestic violence survivors who have been served, towhatever level of quality, by social workers.   Discussions within thefocus group involved ideas of gender roles and social worker advocacyof hegemonic gender roles, whether explicit or implicit.   The focusgroup then built on this foundation to consider group participants’experiences with social workers and whether they presented anindividual / pathological perspective of domestic violence, or whetherthey presented a perspective that consider the wider influence ofsociety and its systems.   This was further related to the effect ofsuch perceptions on the understanding of and service to groupparticipants at the time of intervention. LITERATURE REVIEW Feminism has emerged in the past thirty years as a viableworldview.   Dietz (2000), quoting Bunch (1980), defined feminism asâ€Å"transformational politics that aims at the dismantling of allpermanent power hierarchies in which one category of humans dominatesor controls another category of humans† (372).   â€Å"In the feminist andempowerment traditions, the personal is political, and individualchange and social change are seen as interdependent† (Deitz 2000,372).   Feminism contends it is not adequate to simply include women inthe world’s political and power systems, as these were designed by andfor men and therefore favour a highly masculinised mechanism forresponding to issues and require women working within these systems todo the same (Scott 1988, Moylan 2003).   Simply including women is notenough; society must give women’s experiences equal time andconsideration, eventually recasting the very meanings of the topics itconsiders (Scott 1988) .   Rather, feminism argues women must be engagedin both the system development and decision-making processes that shapeour society (Moylan 2003).   Consequently, one area where feminism has particularly challengedtraditional views is in the area of gender roles.   For example,Dominelli and McLeod (1989) examine the way in which social problemsare defined, recognising gender as particularly important inunderstanding client groups, and stress egalitarian relationshipsbetween therapists and clients.   Gender is also an importantconsideration of social work due to the patriarchal society that stilldominates most of our world.   This power framework rests on a basis ofhegemonic masculinity (Cohn and Enloe 2003).   Connell (1995) createdthe term ‘hegemonic masculinity’ to describe the valued definition ofmanhood in a society.   He argues that whilst there are multiplepossible masculinities in a culture, only one or a few are most valuedor considered ideal (Conn ell 1995).   This gender definition isconstructed both in relation to femininity and to other, subordinatedmasculinities, and is used to justify both men’s domination of women,and the hegemonically masculine man’s power over other men (Cohn andWeber 1999).Whilst women are increasingly being included in world systems, thesystems themselves still were designed for and operate by and for men.  Therefore, women who participate within the system must do so from maleparadigm, even if it is sometimes at odds with their own preferencesfor how to go about dealing with a situation (Cohn and Enloe 2003).Feminism historically is a â€Å"critique of male supremacy, the belief thatgender order was socially constructed and could not be changed† (Cott1989,205).   Masculinity is often defined as what is not feminine, andfemininity as what is not masculine, although understanding thedynamics of one requires considering both the workings of the other andthe relationship and overlap between the two (Cohn and Enloe 2003).  Masculine definitions are often based on strength, domination andviolence, whilst feminine on weakness, nurturing, compassion andpassitivity (Rabrenovic and Roskos 2001).   The result is pressure onmen adhering to a hegemonic definition of masculinity to view forms ofaddressing conflict other than a physical or masculine response asfeminine and a threat to their manhood (Moylan 2003).   The popular concept of gender holds that masculinity and femininityare unchanging expressions based on the chromosomal male and femalebodies (Butler 1990).   â€Å"Gender is assumed to be ‘hard-wired,’ at leastin part† (Hawkesworth 1997).   Masculine actions and desires for men andfeminine actions and desires for women alone are normal, thesemasculine and feminine traits are not a matter of choice, and allindividuals can be classified as one or the other (Hawkesworth 1997).  However, whilst our society men are considered strong and dominant, andwomen passive and nurturing, â€Å"the meanings of male and female bodiesdiffer from one culture to another, and change (even in our ownculture) over time† (Connell 1993, 75).   For example, there have beenâ€Å"periods in Western history when the modern convention that mensuppress displays of emotion did not apply at all, when men wereeffusive to their male friends and demonstrative about their feelings†(Connell 1993, 75).   â€Å"Masculinities and feminities are constructed oraccomplished in social processes such as child rearing, emotional andsexual relationships, work and politics† (Connell 1993, 75).Feminism, however, contends gender is a constructed by each culture,and as a social practice involves the incorporation of specificsymbols, which support or distort human potential (Hawkesworth 1997).  Ã‚  Gender is created through â€Å"discursively constrained performative acts,†and the repetition of these acts over time cr eates gender for theindividual in society (Butler 1990, x).   People learn to â€Å"act† likewomen or men are supposed to; women are taught to behave in a femininemanner, men are taught to act in a masculine manner.   This is oftenreinforced by authority figures, such as social workers.   Barnes (2003)cites a number of studies which find social workers often assume theâ€Å"disciplinary gaze† of notions of â€Å"what and how to be woman,†perpetuating traditional gender roles (149).  Ã‚   â€Å"Armed with rigid codesof gender appropriate behaviors, social workers often sought toregulate and mediate women’s interactions with the social, economic,and political world† (Barns 2003, 149).Feminism and social work share a number of similarities.   Both believeâ€Å"in the inherent worth and dignity of all persons, the value of processover product, the appreciation of unity-diversity, the importance ofconsidering the person-in- environment, and a commitment to personalempowerment and active participation in society as a means to bringabout meaningful social change† (Baretti 2001, 266-267).   Similarly,both feminism and social work address multiple approaches to handlingsituations, challenging the institutionalized oppression common in manypower structures and supporting â€Å"the reconceptualization andredistribution of that power† (Baretti 2001, 267).It follows that one impact of feminism on social work practise is theconsideration of issues from a societal rather than personalperspective.   For example, this might include viewing a domesticviolence situation not from the perspective that the family isdysfunctional, but from the perspective of the society that created thefamily.   The psychology-based focus of clinical social work â€Å"oftenleads to individualizing social problems, rather than to viewing themas the result of relations of power, primarily oppression and abuse†(Deitz 2000, 369).   As such, individuals experiencing such difficultiesare â€Å"taught† that their particular experiences are inappropriate,rather than addressing the systems that created the difficulties in thefirst place (Deitz 2000, 369).   Dominelli and McLeod (1989) re-evaluate social work practice from afeminist perspective, considering the functions of social work such astherapy, community interaction, and policy making not from apathological standpoint but from one of defined roles endorsed bysocietal conditions.   As such, they contend that working from afeminist perspective allows the social worker to address the causes ofsocial issues, rather than the symptoms played out in individual’slives (Dominelli and McLeod 1989).One area of difference in social work practise between those operatingfrom a feminist framework and a traditional framework is the concept ofdistance.   Traditionally, the â€Å"patriarchal bias against relationalityand connection† is intended to lead to â€Å"connection without harm, lovewithout power abuse, touching without sexual abuse in psychotherapy†(Deitz 2000, 377).   Unfortunately, in practise it often results inâ€Å"power over† relationships where those receiving services feel â€Å"lessthan† those providing them.   â€Å"Healing happens when someone feels seen,heard, held, and empowered, not when one is interpreted, held at adistance, and pathologized† (Deitz 2000, 377). Deitz (2000) finds thatsocial workers often institutionalize a â€Å"power over† stance fromprofessional training and discourse that constructs the identities ofclients as somehow disordered, dysfunctional or impaired.   â€Å"Whetherbetween parents and children; physicians and patients; social workersand consumers of services; Whites and Blacks; or heterosexuals andlesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transgendered persons, power overrelationships give the dominant partners or group the right to definethe mean ings of subordinates’ experiences (including their resistance)and thus their opportunities for self-affirmation† (Deitz 2000,373).This creates professional relationships that ignore theenvironmental, historical, and social contexts of the problem, discountpeople’s strengths and resilience in assessment and intervention, andlead â€Å"to the objectification of people as diagnoses, rather than toempowerment† (Deitz 2000, 370).   â€Å"The keys to empowerment in feministmicro practice are reconnection and transformation through politicalactivity; survivors of oppression and abuse experience reconnectionthrough relationships based on mutuality, collaboration, andtrustworthiness† (Deitz 2000, 376).Theories from social work, psychology, and particularly developmentalpsychology describe empowerment as primarily a process, with thepersonal transformation of the individual becoming empowered at itsfoundation (Carr 2003, 8).   Barriers to empowerment and problems ofdisenfranchisement caused by powerlessness are primarily political,rather than psychological.   Powerlessness is defined as the inabilityto effectively manage one’s emotions, knowledge, skills, or resources;it is â€Å"derived from the absence of external supports and the existenceof ontological â€Å"power blocks† that become incorporated into a person’sdevelopment† (Carr 2003, 13).   As such, many survivors also work toreconnect to others in their communities, often seeking politicalactivity that â€Å"emphasizes the empowerment of others, such as byorganizing Take Back the Night marches or speak-outs, volunteering forcrisis hot lines, seeking legislative changes, or becoming socialworkers or human service professionals† (Deitz 2000, 376).For example, feminist work with abuse survivors â€Å"emphasizes therelationship between abuse and oppressive social relations (Deitz 2000,374).   On the other hand, the dominant clinical socia l work approach tooppression and abuse relocates the problem of oppression in victims.Psychological theories are typically employed, which â€Å"locates pathologyin individuals, rather than in oppressive relationships and systems,and considers the long-term effects of oppression to be symptoms ofindividual pathology† (Deitz 2000, 374).   Unfortunately, whilst manysocial workers have been exposed to or even personally supportoperating from a feminist framework, the systems in which they workprevent them from actively utilising feminist insight in their dailypractise.   RESEARCH PLAN This research seeks to study the prevalence and impact of traditionaland feminist practitioner constructs from the perspective of thoseserved.   Specifically, a focus group study will be conducted with agroup of college students, all of whom are currently studying socialwork and therefore have some concept regarding social work practice,feminist and traditional worldviews.   In addition, all students in thefocus group will have experienced domestic violence and have beenprovided the services of a social worker in some form during theirteenage years.Three areas of discussion will be undertaken by the group.   These willbe provided to individual group participants in writing several daysbefore the group in order for students to have time to consider whatthey would like to share regarding their opinions and own experiences.  The first group activity will involve creating definitions ofâ€Å"masculine† and â€Å"feminine† from the perspective of a typical socialwork er based on the students’ teenage experiences.   Students will thenbe asked to discuss where, if at all, they personally feel they andtheir family members who were involved in the domestic violencesituation(s) â€Å"fit† regarding these preconceived definitions.   It isanticipated some students will have been uncomfortable with societalconstraints they or their family experienced as teenagers.   As all arestudying social work, they are also anticipated to make moreconnections between societal power issues, hegemonic gender roles, andtheir influence on domestic violence than a focus group without suchbackground.   The third area of discussion will centre on how thestudents’ perceptions of their social worker(s) understanding of genderroles influenced their and their families reception of adequateservice. The researcher will both tape record and take notes on the groupdiscussions.   Data gathered from the group will then be compiled andanalysed.   In a ddition, students from the focus group will be given theoption to write a response to the group activity, if they so desire.  These will be further included in the group data. METHODOLOGY Data collection involved four means.   Prior to the group starting,each participant was given a questionnaire (see Appendix 3) to gatherbasic demographic information.   The questionnaire also asked for abrief summary of their abusive situation.   Regarding data collection ofthe group proceedings, as described above the focus group session wastape-recorded and the researcher took notes to supplement the recordingof group discussion.   The recorded sessions were then transcribed intoprint form, with research notes added in at the chronologicallyappropriate points of the transcription to provide a more completewritten overview of the focus group discussion.   In addition, groupparticipants had an option to write a response the group to be includedin the group data.   Four participants wrote responses, which wereconsidered with the group data following analysis of the focus groupdiscussion.   Participants were provided with the three areas of groupdiscussion several days pr ior to the actual focus group meeting.   Theywere not given any directions or guidance regarding the optionalwritten responses to the group activity.Data analysis first involved dividing and coding group data.   Responsesto the first topic of discussion were divided into three categories:  those representing a traditional worldview, those representing afeminist worldview, and those that did not clearly represent eitherworldview.   From these groupings, overall findings regarding theworldviews typically experienced by the group participants weresummarised.   This was then further compared with the definitions oftraditional gender roles identified by the group.Data from the second topic of discussion were also broken down intothose representing a traditional worldview, those representing afeminist worldview, and those that did not clearly represent eitherworldview.   It was important to then note participant perceptions andemotional responses to these codings, and in which worldview groupingthey and their families were reported to feel best served andempowered.   Data from the specific discussion regarding service were then similarlyanalysed, and combined with previous findings to present a picture ofthe impact of traditional versus feminist worldviews on social workpractise, emphasising work with teenage domestic violence survivors andtheir understanding of gender roles in society.   It was anticipated at the conclusion of such research, a view could beasserted as to whether feminist perspective has a significant impact onthe practise of social work as it is currently undertaken and whetherthis impact, if any, leads to improved service.As the focus group involved a relatively small number of participants(nine total) and data from their interactions were primarilyqualitative in nature, it was decided not to perform any complexstatistical analysis on focus group data.   It was felt that such typesof analysis would neither reveal findings that co uld be consideredstatistically significant nor provide a more accurate understanding ofthe issues under consideration than a more qualitative analyticalapproach.   In consideration of space and relevance portions of thediscussion were used to support conclusions in the findings andanalysis sections of this dissertation, whilst an overall summary ofthe most relevant portions of the discussion are included in Appendix2. IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT Nine students meeting the criteria laid out in the research planagreed to participate in the focus group.   They were primarilyorganised by one group participant, who had discovered other domesticviolence survivors through classroom discussions and throughparticipation in a survivors’ group in the local community.   All ninestudents were currently studying social work or had taken at least onesocial work course as part of a related course of study, such aseducation or criminal justice.   There were six women and three men,ranging in age from nineteen to twenty-seven.   Racially, seven wereCaucasian, one was Black, and one was Asian.   All present as comingfrom upper working class to middle class backgrounds.   All hadexperienced domestic violence as teenagers, making their experiencesfairly recent and therefore providing a relatively current depiction ofsocial work practise.   Five students (three women, two men) had beenremoved from their biological parents at s ome point during theirteenage years.   All had been involved in interventions into the familyby a social worker representing either a government organisation, or inthe case of one woman, a local church.   Some of the participants previously knew each other and were somewhataware of each other’s experiences, which should be considered in groupanalysis.   Five regularly participated in a survivors’ support group inthe community.   One man and one woman were cousins.   In addition, twoof the men had known each other as teenagers from intervention throughthe school system.Jennifer, a twenty-four year-old Caucasian woman, was chosen to be themoderator, as she had been the one who had assisted the researcher byarranging for most of the participants to become involved in thestudy.   The group then moved almost immediately into discussion of thetopics provided.   The group had been provided a whiteboard for its use,which Jennifer implemented to organise individua l comments and ideas.  It is surmised that the easy manner with which the group undertook thediscussion was based on the fact that they were all students andtherefore used to having study groups, group discussions, and the like,and that all of them had at least publicly shared their experiencespreviously, either as part of a classroom discussion or survivors’group, or both, and were therefore more comfortable in engaging in suchdiscussion than might be typical for a focus group dealing with suchexperiences. FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS The first finding of this research is that the majority of socialworkers in service or domestic violence survivors to not consistentlyemploy feminist constructs in practise, despite the likelihood ofhaving been exposed to such constructs.   This manifested itself inthree significant ways.   First, families were overwhelming dealt withas individuals with problems.   That is, the abuser was described asmaking poor choices or having some type of pathological issues that ledto his or her decision to abuse (in one participant’s family, bothparents were abusive).   As such, the abuser was described from apsychoanalytical standpoint by the social worker(s), and his or herbehaviour labelled as individually deviant.   The survivors of the domestic violence situations, particularly themothers, as the majority of abusers from the groups’ experiences weremale family members or boyfriends of the mother, were also reported tobe consistently dealt with from an individual per spective.   In thissense, their behaviour was also reported to be categorised by thesocial workers involved as unhealthy, pathological, and coming fromsome sort of unresolved personal issues, such as low self-esteem.   Inthe case of only one participant did the social workers involved ineither intervention or therapy consistently relate the domesticviolence situation to broader issues of oppression, societal powerstructures and the related hegemonic gender roles, or patriarchal normsof society.   It is of note that this participant received service froma progressive women-helping-women organisation, rather than atraditional government-organised social work programme.  Group participants also repeatedly described their family situationsas unhealthy, and they certainly were, but from the perspective thatboth the abuser and abused were reacting or displaying emotioninappropriately, rather than that the motivation or norming behind thebehaviour was at fault.   For example, Tre nt described his mother asdrawn to violent, alcoholic men.   â€Å"She always seemed to go for theseguys that didn’t know how to express anything except by breaking stuff,yelling, hitting, you know.†Ã‚   His further descriptions of his mothers’boyfriends indicated an assumption that if these men had been raisedwith or taught proper means of dealing with their frustrations andemotions, the abuse to him and his mother would have been lessened oreliminated.   This idea was supported by at least one social worker, whosuggested counselling for Trent, his mother, and the then boyfriend asone possible way of addressing the abusive situation.Several participants did bring feminist theory and thought into groupdiscussion, pointing out, for example, that dominance or aggression bymen in any form was unhealthy, and questioning why it was only seen asunhealthy by most of the social workers they had encountered, and byothers they knew in the community, when physical viol ence was actuallyinvolved.   There was a related discussion, albeit brief, about the unwillingnessof neighbours, relatives, and others in the community, such as membersof the same church, to intervene in the domestic violence situation.  Participants indicated their perception that whilst this was often dueto a fear of getting involved or knowing how to help the situation,there were repeated occurrences in everyone’s experience where anunwillingness to intervene derived from others’ implications that theman of the house had some right to choose the way in which thehousehold operated, or that he had a right to discipline his wife /girlfriend and children as he saw fit.   Wendy reports hearing an auntstate â€Å"Well, its his family, their kids, she wants to stay with him,†and dismiss the ongoing violence as therefore an acceptable familylifestyle, or at least one in which none of the rest of the familyshould be expected to intervene.   Participants then a cknowledged thisand several other systemic situations that perpetuated their abuse,such as reluctance of authority figures to continue questioning wheninitially told nothing was wrong, and unwillingness of police tointervene repeatedly.   Similarly, regarding gender roles, discussion indicated a belief bymost participants that their social workers believed a traditionalstereotype of what was appropriate behaviour for a man and a woman, andthat these behaviours were different.   There were reports of acceptanceof physical response as an appropriate masculine reaction, but thelevel of physical response not being considered appropriate.   Maleparticipants were encouraged to talk about their experiences, butreport never being given permission to express fear, or an emotionalresponse such as crying.   One male participant reported starting to cryas part of a group experience, and being discouraged rather thanencouraged to continue, whilst female members of the group were allowedt o and even supported in such emotional expression.   There were similarreports of various hegemonically feminine expressions, such as crying,fear, and nurturing behaviours, being supported and encouraged bysocial workers for male family members but not female, as well as anacceptance or assumption of weakness on the part of adult females whochose to remain in an abusive situation.The discussion then moved to the effect of traditional and feministperspective on social work service.   Participants overwhelminglyreported feeling better served when social workers sought to empowerthem and their families.   This did usually involve practise of methodsderived from a feminist view, such as the use of reflective journalingand support groups, as well as encouragement from the social workers tothe mother that she could, indeed, survive and prosper outside thedomestic violence situation, that she did have the inner reserves toaddress the situation and move to a healthier lifestyle, and t hatsocietal pressure to be with a man, either as a romantic partner or asa father / father-figure for children was not necessary for asuccessful life.   Participants also report feeling personally empoweredby such encouragement, and therefore able to support their mothers inattempts to leave relationships.From their own study in social work theory, focus group participantswere able to briefly discuss the ramifications of the patriarchalsocietal power structure on a woman’s decision to stay in a violentsituation.   One issue brought up included the perception that societywill view a woman as a failure and undesirable if she does not have aromantic relationship with a man in her life.   A number of womenparticipants in the group reported feeling similar pressure to maintaina romantic relationship with a man in their life, regardless of theirother commitments or interests, and an expectation that they would notbe successful women if they did not ultimately get married and havechildren.   When questioned by other participants, the three maleparticipants reported not feeling such pressures.   Another issue raisedwas the mothers’ perception that they needed a father figure tosuccessfully raise children, particularly boys.   This was perpetuatedin the life experiences of group participants even though the menoccupying these roles were viewed by the male participants asdestructive, rather than constructive, influences.   Issues of supportin disciplining children and managing household operations were alsoindicated, as was the financial support provided by the batterer.   Thegroup indicated all these issues were societal, rather than individual,and lack of addressing of them affected the effectiveness of the socialservices they had received.Overall, the participants were generally positive about at least onesocial worker with whom they had a relationship during their teenageyears.   Participants typically felt feeling most encouraged and bestserved by those social workers who did not present themselves as beingdistant or above the participants and their families, and who did notoverly emphasise their family’s issues from a perspective of individualdysfunction.   These findings indicated that a feminist interactiveconstruct, which avoids â€Å"power over† methods and practise is perceivedto be most effective by domestic violence survivors. RECOMMENDATIONS It is recommended from findings of this study that social workersare first provided greater exposure to and training in feminist methodsand theory as it relates to their practical, day-to-day practise.   Forexample, all participants reported some positive experiences inresponse to reflective methods such as reflective journaling andsurvivor support groups.   Considerations of ways to more greatlyinclude such methods in typical practise are therefore indicated.   Of greater concern are the systems in which social workers operate.  Whilst most of the social workers in these focus group participants’experiences had some familiarity with feminist theory or methods, asindicated by their emphasis on empowerment or use of specificstrategies, there is something within the government-sponsored socialservices structure that prohibits practise truly based on feministtenets.   A sharp contrast was provided by the young woman served at aprogressive, private service, where feminis t theory was the obviousframework on which service was based.   She was by far the most positiveabout her experiences and workers, and reported insights, understandingand empowerment to change not consistently reported by other focusgroup participants.It therefore recommended that more research be pursued as to whatfactors constrain social workers from functioning from a more feministframework.   Issues such as time (many social workers have far morepeople to see and serve than they would like to have, or often feelthey can serve effectively), lack of material resources such asappropriate space, lack of effective training, or discouragement insuch regards from supervisors or others in power.   Specificallyidentifying relevant factors could then form a framework forprogressing with change in social work practise within a typicalgovernment service organisation.It is further recommended that individual social workers consider whatconstraints they persona

Caught in the College Conundrum?

Most persons who apply to college don’t make it past the first round of selections. The applicant pool gets brighter and more sophisticated every year. Standardized test scores and GPA’s just aren’t enough to give you the edge you need. You need a unique presentation angle, and the strategy lies in the admissions essay.We’ll Help You StrategizeOur writers have had decades of combined experience crafting the most direct and incisive essays. Your essay will project that unique flare that captures the attention of even the most selective committee. We have in-house experts who continually research the requirements of the highest caliber schools so that you will always be ahead of the game.Our SolutionsWe offer writing, editing, and reviews of admission essays tailored specifically for the college level. For admission essay writing, we take the best and most relevant of you life experiences and compile them into a highly sophisticated and effective document. T he essay will always reach you double spaced in 12-pt.Times New Roman font, and there are no page limits for this type of order. For admission essay editing, we take your pre-written admission essay and eliminate all errors that occur with regard to grammar, spelling, and style. For admission essay reviews, a professional writer/editor evaluates the merit of your essay, removes all errors and gives suggestions on how to improve its content and style.Graduate-level ComplexitiesAcceptance into graduate programs at the best universities is highly difficult, and it takes much more than just good GRE or GMAT scores. The level of writing required at the graduate level causes admission committees to give heavier weight to admission essays. 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Hasbro Inc

Hasbro Inc. is currently the second largest toy maker in the United States, ranked only behind Mattel. The company designs and manufactures a diverse line of toy products and related items throughout the world, including traditional board games, electronic and interactive CD_ROM games, puzzles, action toys, plush products and infant products. Hasbro also licenses a number of trade names and property rights for use in connection with the sale by others of noncompeting toys and non-toy products. Novel guide, 2010) The purpose of this paper is to interpret internal and external financial reports and statements. While using the financial reports and statements for decision-making, I will assess the financial activities and their effects on organizational performance. This information will assist in making the decision of whether or not I would become a shareholder and buy the company’s stock. Lastly, the information would assist me with the decision if I would work with the compan y if they had a position that fit my job description. Company Overview Hasbro Inc is one of the leading toys making company in the world.Hasbro Inc is engaged in designing, manufacturing and marketing of games and toys. It offers various different types of games including hand-held electronic, role-playing, DVD games as well as traditional board, learning aids and puzzles. (Gracking, 2007) The company markets its products and services to various customers including wholesalers, retailers, chain stores, discounts stores, mail orders houses, and catalogue stores and so on. The company also license some of its trademark, characters and other property rights to third parties for use in connections with consumer for promotions and sale of its non-competing toys and games.The company operates in the, South America, Asia Pacific, North America and European regions. Hasbro’s headquarter is located in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, and employs about 5,900 people. Hasbro has a long-standing loyalty in conducting business in a mood, which abides by highest ethical and legal standards. Ethical behavior and Compliance are core values of the Company, and are built by regular communications from the other senior officials and Chief Executive Officer. Hasbro is Guide to Corporate Conduct, which implements to all employees globally as well as to Board of Directors, furnishes specific guidance to the Company’s outlook.The Guide is strengthened by a fully built training program, and a well-demonstrated processes by which employees in all locations and positions can report suspected ethical and legal issues, and do so anonymously if they so prefer. Violations in any of the provisions in the Guide will allow and subject employees to potentially upon discipline and including termination of employment. In the areas of environment safety and health at both the industry and corporate levels, Hasbro has a strong commitment to sustainability.Hasbro has rich plan for many years a nd continues to incorporate sustainability objectives into Company’s activities and operations, including a well-established Health and safety management system. The company will seek options to reduce waste, increase efficiency of water, and promote recycling and so on. Affects of external and internal factors The internal analysis of an organization deals with an investigation into its strength and weaknesses by focusing on the factors that are specific to it. The size of the organization affects the quality of appraisal.The external factors in the outside environment include competitors and opportunities. The external environment is dynamic in nature so the slight change in the level of competition and opportunities arising has an important impact on the functioning of the company. (Casey, 2009) SWOT Analysis A Swot Analysis was completed based on information from datamonitor (2009) 1) Strengths – a) Solid brand loyalty b) Long standing commitments c) Proud traditio n in supporting children worldwide through a variety of philanthropic programs. D) Product safety being the top priority 2) Weakness- ) Alike Hasbro, Mattel also commercialises toys in Girls' and Boys' segment, including its renowned  Barbie  dolls and accessories for girls as well.b) Like Hasbro's royalty relationships with the  Marvel,  Star Wars, and  Transformers  franchises to market toys , Mattel has alliances with several profitable franchises, including  Disney Classics,  High School Musical,  Batman,  Kung Fu Panda, and  Dora the Explorer. c) Less innovations and product range as compared to its compititors. 3) Opportunities a) Hasbro Inc. is betting that iPod and iPhone users want 3-D viewing on the go. b) The Hub, the multi-platform joint venture between Hasbro, Inc. nd Discovery Communications will come up with new programmes which intends to entertain, enlighten, educate children and empower their families. c) Partnerships with the U. S. government to develop climate change and waste reduction strategies by our Charter membership in the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Climate Leaders and U. S. EPA WasteWise programmes . 4) Threats:- a) Competing directly with Hasbro's  Playskool  core products, Mattel's  Fisher-Price  and  Sesame Street  brands focus on developmental and educational toys targeted toward parents of infant and preschool-aged children.Hasbro has managed to beat out earnings prospects and expectations despite a 15% fall in earnings to$0. 89 per share. Financial Analysis and Evaluation |Financial diagnostic categories |  Hasbro Inc. |  Mattel Inc. | |   |   |   | |1. )  Ã‚   Liquidity of short-term assets |-Current ratio-2. 4x |-Current ratio-2. 5x | | |-Cash ratio-. 0. 4 |-Cash ratio-0. 25x | | |-Quick ratio-1. 9x |-Quick ratio-1. 9x | |   |   |   | |2. )  Ã‚   Long-term debt-paying ability |-Debt ratio-1. 01 |-Debt ratio-0. 43 | | |-Debt-equity ratio- 40 |-Debt-equity ratio-41. | |   |   |   | |3. )  Ã‚   Profitability |   |   | |   |-Net income/sales (profit margin)-8. 0(5 |-Net income/sales (profit margin)-12. 10 | | |years) |-Net income/assets (ROA)-12. % | | |-Net income/assets (ROA)-10. 5% |-Net income/shareholder equity   | | |-Net income/shareholder equity   |(ROE)-25. 9% | | |(ROE)-28. 5% | | |   |   |   | |4.   Ã‚   Asset utilization/ management |-Total asset turnover-1. 0x |-Total asset turnover-1. 1 x | |efficiency |-Inventory turnover  Ã‚   measures-4. 0x |-Inventory turnover  Ã‚   measures-4. 1x | | |-Accounts receivable turnover-3. 5x |-Accounts receivable turnover-3. 8x | |   |   |   | |5. )  Ã‚   Market measures |-Price/earnings ratio-16. |-Price/earnings ratio-22. 3 | | |-Earnings per common share-1. 57 |-Earnings per common share-1. 50 | Results of Evaluation Hasbro Inc. is a growing company in the consumer non-durables sector and is expected to significantly surpass the market over the next six months with less risk may be less than average. According to (Chen, 2004) the statement of financial such as balance sheet, statement of income and loss and cash flow statement, the following interpretations are : ) As the results and results of financial statements, the gross profit in dollars showed an increase from last five years from 2005 to 2010 at the rate of 1. 6%. The gross profit in terms of net revenue went up to 70 basis point to 21. 0 in the three months ended September 2010.2) The amount of revenue generated from the net income for five years increased to an annual average exhibiting 32. 60. 3) The revenue increased at an average of 13% yearly in the year 2007-2009. In the same year, earnings grew by an average of 18% annually. 4) Earnings mounted up 11% at Hasbro, to $0. 9 a share, as analysts were expecting the toy maker's bottom line to fall from last year's $0. 26 a share. 5) The company has a present dividend yield of about 1. 25% with 15% yearly dividend gro wth over past couple of years. 6) From the period 2007-09, Hasbro has generated the operating cash flow at an average of approximately 12% yearly. 7) Hasbro has a very nice balance sheet with total debt ratio of only 1. 01 8) The ratio of Hasbro's price-to-earnings ratio in multiple to its five-year growth rate is slightly above the average of all stocks. ) The ratio of Mattel’s price-to-earnings ratio in multiple to its five-year growth rate is slightly above the average of all stocks. Result of ratio analysis 1) Long-term debt paying ability is to determine the proportion of debt in total financing. The debt ratio of Hasbro is 1. 01, which means that the lenders have financed 40% of Hasbro’s net assets i. e. capital employed. The total debt equity ratio shows firms total debt in relation to the total dollar amount owners have invested in the firms. 2) The current ration shows the firm’s ability to meet the liabilities or the claims.The liquidity ratios which i ncluding the current ratio, quick ratio and the cash ratio of Hasbro is in a better position to meet the current claims. As the current ratio is showing more than one, which indicates that, the firm has more current assets than current liabilities. However, the liquidity ratio of Mattel is slightly higher than Hasbro. 3) Profitability ratio indicates the firm’s ability to generate returns on its sales , assets and net profit margin. The net profit margin ratio is measured by dividing profit after tax by sales. Operating profit after tax to sales ratio is 8. . Net profit margin ratio establishes a relationship between net profit and sales and management’s efficiency in manufacturing, administering and selling the products. The return on asset for Hasbro is 10. 5% and for Mattel 12. 8%, which implies on the operating performance and ignores that how the firm is financed and taxed. The ROE for Hasbro and Mattel 28. 5% and 25. 9% respectively 4) The asset turnover ratio in dicates how efficiently the firm is utilizing its assets to produce revenue and sales. Hasbro has a asset turnover of 1. 0 times where Mattel has 1. 1 times.Inventory turnover measure indicates whether the inventory is out of line in relation to the volume of sales when compare against industry norms. The Hasbro has 4. 0 times and Mattel has 4. 1 times which shows that Hasbro has more inventories in respect to the volume of sales. 5) The price earnings ratio is the market price of the firm’s common stock divided by the annual earnings per share. Comparing the P/E relative to that of the stock market as a whole or the firm’s competitors indicates the market’s perception of the true value of the company. The P/E for Hasbro and Mattel is 16. and 22. 3 respectively. Assessment of Financial activities and their effects on organizational performance Hasbro Inc has promised to offer three -dimensional content, which will offer a 360-degree experience in virtual travel experience, gaming and entertainment content. Hasbro is confident as it will and says it has teamed up with DreamWorks Animation, whose movie â€Å"Mega mind† hit theatres last weekend, to develop material. Hasbro has diluted its U. S. operations' greenhouse gas emissions by 43. 4%. Moreover, 88% of currently generated waste at the operation sites is being recycled.In work place, Hasbro is one of the first toy manufacturing company to develop and implement a code of conduct for their third party vendors. Today the company regularly checks the vendors to make surety that they are meeting the code so that they understand the company’s products are made in factories with legal, safe and fair conditions. Eventually, in the segment of community relations, in the year 2007 the Company voluntarily donated the amount which is close to $15 million dollars which in turn that helped more than six million children across the globe.These in turn is just another example of the compa ny’s corporate social responsibility and sustainability. The satellite and cable television network will broadcast original programmers as well as content from Discovery’s library of award-winning children’s educational programmers from Hasbro’s elite portfolio of entertainment and educational properties built during the past 90 years and from leading third-party producers worldwide. The Hub will include live- animated action and series, specials and game shows and, and the network will extend its content through a rich and engaging online presence. Final decision and ConclusionHasbro inc is 2nd largest toy makers in United States which has a multi-billion industry showing it has a huge market and demands for its products and services. Their commitments to make and introduce new more exiting products will bring more attention to its stock. Hasbro stock deals with debt and has less than prima 2009. (Data monitor, 2009) I would definitely make an investment in the company, as the industry where it operates is recession resistant. Celebration for the children’s will be going in spite of the downfall in the economy and the great festivals will always be celebrated throughout the year.The demand of the company will never go to nil. Moreover, Hasbro has most suitable and steady dividends in the market. Hasbro currently has a dividend yield of 2. 65 percent . This may not seem to be making any huge difference . but 2. 65 percent compounding quarterly for life will make the portfolio rich. Hasbro has one of the best stocks to in the market so I can take the step to invest as far as growth is pertained. In other words, if you make bigger deal in Hasbro hoping for real growth, the worst outcome that can shape up is that you will have one of the world's best dividend stocks.Moreover, Hasbro may be equilibrated for growth as well. Hasbro is starting to gain revenue by signing profitable deals with Marvel and other entertainment companies . Marvel is yet another bigger company as well, and the deal, which took place between Marvel and Hasbro, will lead to greater rewards for both companies. Standard and Poor's, currently rates Hasbro stock with four stars pointing that and considers it is a good stock to purchase at this time. As far as the Question to work at Hasbro is concerned, I would like to join to the position fitting to my profile.The Reason is as follows: 1. Hasbro has healthy and safety working environments with good facilities and amenities. 2. The working hours and compensation are best in the industry. 3. Hasbro maintains a commitment in sound environmental programmers and various practices. However , the company shall make strict rules for discrimination and subject to abuse, cruel or unusual disciplinary practices. It shall respect its employees and treat with dignity . The various employee’s benefits programmed should be introduced to make a better and cultured working environment with best cod es of conducts.A good working environment with lucrative stock prices always attracts shareholders and people to render their best services.REFERENCES Casey, B. (2009)’. Gaming off the board. License! Global, 12(5), 104-105. Retrieved from: Business Source Complete database. Chen, A. (2004)’. Hasbro plays to win with BPM. eWeek, 21(31), 46-47. Retrieved from: Business Source Complete database. Datamonitor. (2009)’. Hasbro, Inc. Hasbro, Inc. SWOT Analysis, 1-9. Retrieved from: Business Source Complete database. Gracking, A. (2007)’. Hasbro. World Trade, 20(5), 34. Retrieved from: Business Source Complete database. Hughes, L. , ; Petrecca, L. (2000)’. Hasbro consolidates toy account. Advertising Age, 71(49), 64. Retrieved from Business Source Complete database. Jensen, B. (2000)’. Layoffs, losses at Hasbro. Playthings, 98(11), 6. Retrieved from: Business Source Complete database. McGrath, J. (2006)’. Toy company Bandai launches first on line shop to rival Hasbro. New Media Age, 3. Retrieved from: Business Source Complete database Novel guide (2010). Hasbro Inc. Retrieved from: http://www. novelguide. com/a/discover/cps_01/cps_01_00134. html [pic]

The Clash of Unprovable Universalisms

The Clash of Unprovable Universalisms Introduction It is plainly difficult to establish the relationship between the perceived globally accepted view and the Islamic orthodoxy. For instance, the 9/11 attacks and the war in Iraq are some of the issues which creates a disparity in international and Islamic excepted views respectively.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on The Clash of Unprovable Universalisms specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Western observers have not welcomed the Islamic views. According to their views, all Muslim states should adhere to the rules and values enclosed in the Shari’a law. Consequently, the western observers believe that the difference in opinion can only be solved by replacing their current political system with that which supports human rights law. Arguably, this has been supported by the fact that the western observers were happy with the Arab spring as it would bring a system of government which supports normal global view of fairness and democracy. Categorically, the western observers believe that the Islamic laws are going against the internationally acceptable principles. On the other hand, Muslims also take their laws to be rights and the universal human rights to be wrong. This creates the conflict between their views and that of the western observers. Universalism and the international accepted view Many people have been faced with the problem of making concrete conclusions over the general global view that international human rights are common in nature. According to an extensive mainstream international view, the current global human rights law should be considered to be universally applicable. Consequently, this implies that every person should be entitled to certain rights. Countries which are not able to protect these rights are not considered to be morally upright. Freedom, fairness, and peace can only be achieved by recognizing the importance of the global human rights law. These vi ews are mostly welcomed by the western people who believe that it is globally acceptable for human beings to be given certain basic rights. People are regarded as the real owners of these rights hence they must be protected by their states. According to religious beliefs, universality of an individual’s rights started from creation. By definition, God is universal in nature hence the rights must also be common as He is the one who created them. Conversely, this theory has got a number of complexities. First, the theory does not make sense to those people who do not believe in the existence of God. Since people have failed to prove the existence of God, it is also difficult to prove that human rights are universal. According to Judaeo-Christian point of view, there is a huge doubt about God’s opinion on the issue of universal human rights. Therefore, there is also a considerable doubt about the existence of the global human rights laws.Advertising Looking for ar ticle on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Human condition is also another source of the universality of an individual’s rights. As indicated in the International Bill of Rights, the universality of human rights comes from their inherent nature and equal status. Additionally, it also comes from their dignity and value hence they are considered to have certain rights. The problem with this theory is that the beliefs are not visible. Subsequently, this makes it difficult for people to trust the theory. The other disadvantage of the theory is that an individual’s statue does not reflect a universal status. For instance, an individual’s acceptance of the current western opinion on an individual’s rights does not reflect the global opinion on the same issue. Nature of the global universalism Despite the conflicts which arise between Muslims and the international community on huma n rights, the international community has approved other difficult proposals. One of the proposals is that particular rights, considered to be universally appropriate and valid, exist. The other preposition is that there exist commonly acceptable and unacceptable principles regarding when a country may lawfully control such rights. Arguably, the Islamic notion that men and women should have dissimilar duties in the family is not commonly accepted. This is because it does not obey the western understanding about the right to equality. Moreover, it restricts people from enjoying their religious freedom. The universalism allegation of the global human rights law is considered to be strange by many Muslims since it is against the Islamic law. It does not only cover the perception of human rights, but also the nature of a person’s rights. Additionally, it also views Islamic position of not supporting these rights as something not acceptable. Therefore, the above claims have caused the conflict in this context. Universalism and the traditional Islamic thought A number of errors have been made when speaking about the western accepted view. Islamic orthodoxy should not only be viewed on the negative side, but also on the positive side. For instance, it should be considered that not all Muslims have similar thoughts and their law is open to different opinions and interpretations. Subsequently, a number of these interpretations will make the Islamic law to be in line with the global human rights law than the other existing laws around the world. God controls the whole world hence all the powers used by people comes from his authority. Therefore, western human rights policies should not only consider their own provisions to validate the universal legality, but also the values of Shari’a law. For instance, the law should be considered to be naturally independent and universally self-legitimizing.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Th e Clash of Unprovable Universalisms specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to the global human rights, the law must be accepted even in situations where it appears to be unjust. Since people are not able to know what God thinks, his law appears cruel because people have not been able to completely understand the meaning of universal justice. Therefore, instead of criticizing the law, people should carry out more studies to ensure that their minds precisely pinpoint that of God. According to Muslims, Shari’a law cannot be put into action by a state since it is a secret between the followers and God. Besides, He is the one who created the law hence religious devotees are expected to obey God’s commands and not emphasizing on their individual importance. The traditional Muslim law should be conformed not challenged. This is because the law, like any other law, comes from God who controls all the states. Lessons from the clash of universalisms It is clear from the article that conflict between western-led global human rights law and the accepted views of Islam contains an opposing faith claim whose validity cannot be proved. Certain characteristics of Islam law considered to be immoral by the supporters of the intercontinental human rights law may appear strange to some of the Muslims. This is because most of them grew up in such cultural background hence it will not be easy for them to change their belief. Islamic law can make sense when observed from the perspective of ideologies they are based upon. The law can only be understood by accommodating their fundamentalists’ who believe that the law is collectively right. There are certain moral principles which are considered to be important internationally. Therefore, the values may be characterised as representing the universal law containing basic human courtesy. Human rights should not be taken as the most appropriate way an individual can obtain a fundamental commonality of ethical decency. For instance, it is a common ethical law that an individual’s life is important hence the law can be put into practice by understanding the right to life. The above accepted view may be similar based on the moral principles under which a community is expected to operate. They only differ when it comes to establishing the procedures of obtaining such care. Consequently, this is caused by their dissimilar normative starting points. There is a conflict between Islamic law and global human rights law when it comes to establishing justifiable rights. They both believe that some of the rights are not complete hence can be controlled. Therefore, the two only differ when it comes to determining the right time to apply the law restrict freedom.Advertising Looking for article on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion Conclusively, the alleged difference between Islamic law and global human rights law is majorly caused by difference in history and culture. Additionally, western observers still take Islam to be an evil culture which is against the universally correct norms. Islam has really grown in the past years with many followers. It also has its own universal truths which are not in line with those of the international law. Therefore, it is not easy to understand the truth between the Islamic law and the global human rights law.

History and theory in anthropology Essays

History and theory in anthropology Essays History and theory in anthropology Essay History and theory in anthropology Essay and therefore their experiences were seldom documented. Womans were non represented by anthropology, but instead were merely studied in their relation to countries in which males are present, such as within matrimonial exchange. Ardener ( 1975 ) refers to proficient and analytical prejudices present within anthropology, and by bring outing such prejudices it became possible to counter them within ethnographic composing. Technical prejudices within descriptive anthropology were to make with the fact that in many civilizations and societies the adult females present were unable to pass on with the anthropologist. This was normally because they were improbable to talk the linguistic communication of the anthropologist, and besides that any transcriber in the community was likely to be male. Ardener maintained that many ethnographers viewed adult females in a society as unable to pass on even when they were able to talk the same linguistic communication as they giggle when immature , snicker when old, reject the inquiry, laugh at the subject, and the similar ( Ardener 1975:2 ) . It was statements and thoughts such as this which increased the demand for anthropology to be rid of its prejudices if an accurate position of civilization was of all time to be obtained. Ardener s statements of analytical prejudice were based on descriptive anthropologies written after a society had been studied. It was argued that this information would be enormously inaccurate as the theoretical account of the society described was by and large merely a theoretical account based on the male part of the society, intending the females went mostly undocumented ( Ardener 1975:3 ) . Feminist thought uncovered and deconstructed these prejudices intending that they could be countered. It can non be stated that without the Feminist motion such prejudices would non hold surfaced, but it can be said that the Feminist manner of idea enabled these jobs to come to the head of the heads of eth nographers. This meant that future ethnographic fieldwork, particularly that conducted by adult females, would be split much more every bit among the sexes. Additionally, the fact that more adult females felt able to be involved with ethnographic research and composing during, and after, the Feminist motion, meant that these prejudices would go less of an issue as clip progressed. The Feminist motion topographic points importance on countering the premises that adult females are inferior to work forces within society. The prejudices which existed within anthropology had their roots in these premises and thoughts, and therefore feminist anthropologists aimed to turn out adult females s importance. Rosaldo and Lamphere ( 1974 ) addressed why adult females are seen as inferior to work forces among many traditions and civilizations. It is stated that the cultural function of adult females as the female parents and carers of kids topographic points them steadfastly within the domestic sphere. However, work forces are seen as the breadwinners, those people who will work outside of the place and household compound, therefore intending they are associated with the populace sphere. It is because work forces are seen to command the populace sphere that they are viewed as holding a greater degree of authorization and power than adult females, and adult females are frequently undervalued as the bulk of their work takes topographic point within the private domain. This thought is non dissimilar to that put forwards by Ortner ( 1974 ) when she argues that adult females are associated with nature, and work forces with civilization. This is said to be because adult females are closer to natu re as it is them who give birth, and work forces exist outside the place in the populace sphere, tie ining them with civilization. However, these thoughts have been criticised by some, as the thought of domesticity is said to be one which is rooted in Western ideals. Additionally Leacock ( 1978 ) has studied the beginnings of society and later argued that the differentiation between public and private domains did non be among foragers, and as such the subordination of adult females merely came into being with the growing of private belongings ( Leacock 1978 ) . Despite these statements, the thoughts put forwards by Rosaldo and Lamphere and Ortner meant that instead than adult females being seen as less of import within a society, they were started to be studied in their ain infinites. Measuring the importance from within the private domain in which they act intend that adult females s functions were frequently shown to be much more of import than they one time originally thought to hold been. These theories have besides held influence over the manner which adult females are studied and written about within descriptive anthropology, as the subordination of adult females is shown non to be natural . Feminism influenced ethnographic composing insomuch as the thought of interrupting down false individualities and naturalizations was brought to the head of ethnographers heads and research. This societal procedure of legalizing cultural beliefs by presuming that they are natural, and therefore that they are non merely acceptable but besides correct, was challenged by feminism thought. The development of adult females, and to boot the ignoring of adult females within anthropology, was thought to be natural and hence acceptable. However, feminism stressed that societal functions are neer natural, instead they are socially constructed, intending that there is no correct place. This influenced ethnographic authorship as ethnographers sought to include adult females in their surveies, and prejudices within fieldwork were farther uncovered. Additionally, universalism was challenged as instead than the adult females in these societies being considered to be likewise cross-culturally, feminist surveies sought to guarantee that an apprehension of the individualism of these adult females and civilizations was gained. By extinguishing the false individualities which many anthropologists had about people and civilizations, and by disputing the thought that people cross-cultures are likewise in their personalities and experiences it meant that a more thorough position of civilization could be gained. This is non restricted to larning about the adult females in a civilization, as these methods are those which could be, and are, applied to people irrespective of their sex. It is clear that Feminism did non merely impact the manner which adult females are written about in ethnographic authorship, but societies in general. Feminism farther influenced ethnographic authorship in the manner which it challenged Eurocentric thoughts about personhood. Whittaker ( 1994 ) states that western, white, heterosexual males have imposed their worldview onto both adult females, and those who are the topics of ethnographic research. This sort of ethnocentrism which was present in much of early anthropology, doubtless affected ethnographic authorship as an accurate image of a society could non be built up. Feminist thought stressed the importance of seeing a civilization through non through the eyes of the white, in-between category anthropologist, but through the eyes of their topics . This was aided in portion by the fact that these female anthropologists were themselves coming from a different personal point of view. By foregrounding the fact that the ethnocentrism of the white, in-between category anthropologist was impeding and negatively impacting their ethnographic authorship, and endeavoring to counter this , feminism was able to positively lend to the field, and Moore argues that reviews based on challenges to ethnocentrism hold taken anthropology a really long manner ( Moore 1988: 187 ) . Feminism within anthropology moved from being entirely concerned with adult females and adult females s subordination, to concentrating on other affairs such as power dealingss, reflexiveness and the topographic point of the anthropologist within ethnographic fieldwork ( Bernard 2000:139 ) . It can be seen that with the rise of feminist ethnographic composing so excessively was there a rise in the usage of I into ethnographic text. Feminist anthropology did off with the patriarchal objectiveness and androcentric prejudice of earlier anthropology by foregrounding the negative effects of being nonsubjective and impersonal within ethnographic authorship. Whereas in early anthropology it was seen as an improper ethnographic technique to compose reflexively and speak of the personal facets of fieldwork conducted because it was thought to free the field of its objectiveness, the impact of feminism went some manner to alter this. The early tabu sing reflexiveness is demonstrated by the 1954 publication Return to Laughter which was written under the anonym Elenor Smith Bowen due to the fact that it contained personal feelings and narratives. Additionally, a dirt formed when Malinowski s personal fieldwork journals from his clip on the Trobriand fieldwork were discovered and published ( Eriksen and Nielsen 2001:123 ) . The 1970 publication Women in the Field: Anthropological Experiences ( erectile dysfunction. Golde ) was ground-breaking in its reflexiveness and the manner which it contained inside informations of the experiences of adult females in the field and how these experiences have affected the informations collected ( Eriksen and Nielsen 2001:123 ) . Equally good as being influential in its reflexiveness, it besides highlighted how the sex of the anthropologist impacts on the fieldwork and ethnographic authorship. Automatic anthropology came into its ain after the rise of Feminism, and this can non be said to be a happenstance. The fact that Feminism was able to convey about such a major alteration in the manner which ethnographic texts were written shows how influential it was to the field. One of the most of import parts which the Feminist motion made to anthropology, and ethnographic composing more specifically, was that it highlighted the difference between sex and gender . Feminist bookmans stressed the thought that gender individualities are non natural phenomena, and sought to foreground that sex and gender have different significances. Sexual activity being through empirical observation verifiable, cosmopolitan, biological differences between males and females ( Eriksen and Murphy 2003:148 ) and gender being the culturally constructed function which is placed upon people. These thoughts were of peculiar importance to post-structural and post-modern anthropologists and their ethnographic authorship. Lorber examines the thought efficaciously when she states that For human existences there is no indispensable feminineness or masculinity, muliebrity or maleness, muliebrity or manhood, but one time gender is ascribed, the societal order concepts and holds persons to strongly gendered norms and outlooks ( Lorber 1994:5 ) . These thoughts meant the place of adult females within societies was looked at otherwise ; as it was considered that one s biological sex did non needfully find their socially constructed gender. Ideas which were prevalent in Western society at the clip divided societal functions between work forces and adult females, such as the thought that the topographic point of adult females was in the place whereas work forces should be the suppliers for the household. These thoughts were frequently placed upon those societies being studied. This was debatable as Western gender ideals were non needfully mirrored in non-Western civilizations. With the highlighting of differences between sex and gender it became easier for anthropologists to understand this, therefore impacting non merely the manner which fieldwork was conducted, but besides enormously impacting the consequences of the fieldwork. With new thoughts about sex and gender being at the head of anthropologists heads, the reappraisal of past societies could besides be made. Cucchiari ( 1981 ) argued that in early societies there was equality between the sexes and besides a deficiency of gender differentiation. In these societies differentiations were sometimes made between forager and child stamp , but non between male and female ( Cucchiari 1981 ) . While Cucchiari does non claim to be a womens rightist, his positions are of import for the feminist motion. By showing that the gender categorization and the subordination of adult females are non natural it became possible to see past them, and for ethnographic composing to concentrate on the differences in functions within a society instead than the differences in sexes. Whereas early ethnographic texts sometimes focused on the differences between the work forces and adult females s functions within society, Feminist anthropologists have stressed that the division of labor can non be demonstrative of biological differences ; instead it could be that gender differences have been created from this di vision of labor ( Ortner 1978:27 ) . This difference between sex and gender is of import to the ways which adult females are portrayed in ethnographic authorship and besides of import for the manner which societies in general and depicted and understood. Ethnographic texts which have emerged in the ulterior portion of the 20th century have taken these thoughts on board and as such thoughts about sex and gender in different societies have come to visible radiation. Oyew A ; ugrave ; m A ; iacute ; ( 1997 ) conducted fieldwork among the Yoruba people of South-western Nigera and uncovered that these people had no impression of gender until they came into contact with colonialists. Previous to their contact with westerners, the Yoruba people has organised their societal dealingss based on societal facts, non based on biological science. The thought that different functions within a community might be placed on people because of their physical sex was unheard of ( Oyew A ; ugrave ; m A ; iacute ; 1997 ) . This is demonstrative of the manner which Western thoughts are placed upon people, and such a survey may non hold taken topographic point, and the consequences may non hold been understood, if the Feminist motion had non highlighte d the differences between sex and gender. Part of the reappraisal of sex and gender meant that Feminist anthropologists began to see the thought of 3rd genders or the presence of people who might non needfully suit into the classs of male and female . This meant that when carry oning ethnographic research a greater apprehension of societies beliefs could be gained. This can be seen with Astuti s ( 1998 ) survey of the Vezo people, which included a description of the Sarinampela within the society. These people are work forces who are images of adult females and who perform adult females s occupations and follow a female manner of making things , as in this society one s gender develops through the procedure of their actions ( Astuti 1998:40-42 ) . Similarly, Edgerton s ( 1964 ) survey of intersexed people among the Pokot community highlighted that different societies do non needfully keep the Western thoughts of male and female ( Edgerton 1964 ) . The fact that Feminism had highlighted these differences mean t that surveies such as Astuti s and Edgerton s could take topographic point. The realization that sex and gender are two different thoughts meant that more accurate and complete descriptive anthropologies could be written, as instead than ethnographers construing these thoughts through western tinted spectacless and therefore falsifying the true beliefs, the civilizations began to be seen as they really were. It is non merely the reappraisal of thoughts which had been held for some clip which Feminism contributed to ethnographic authorship, but the reappraisal of already printed descriptive anthropologies as good. Feminist anthropologists have used the new methods available to them in order to re-study many of the civilizations which had antecedently been looked at from a really masculinise position. This has meant that a more accurate position of the civilization in inquiry has been achieved, one which is non nonreversible and ethnocentric. This can be seen in the manner which Abu-Lughod ( 1990 ) re-studied Bedouin adult females and found that they frequently resist and defy the ideals placed upon them by work forces. They do this by maintaining secrets between them, smoking in secret, defying arranged matrimonies, mocking work forces, and composing poesy known as ghinnawas in which they express sentiments radically different to those which are considered the norm ( Abu-Lughod 1990: 43-4 6 ) . If this society was studied without adult females organizing a important portion of the research so it could easy be thought that the adult females are low-level to work forces, busying the place while work forces form the populace sphere and command their married womans. Additionally, the reappraisal of ethnographic texts and societies went some manner to alter the positions which were held approximately early societies, non merely the adult females within them, but the society in general. The aggregation Women the Gatherer ( Dahlberg 1981 ) put forwards the thought that in huntsman gatherer societies, adult females who conducted garnering really contributed more to the society than work forces and their hunting. This is said to be because works resources were a more staple signifier of early homo s diet than meat. This was evidently enormously of import for keeping adult females s importance in society, both past and present and therefore besides changed the manner which society and civilization were represented in ethnographic authorship. It has been argued, that in add-on to the theories and thoughts put forwards by feminism and womens rightist anthropologists which have lead to more thorough and accurate ethnographic composing being produced, adult females are really better ethnographers in general. The fact that with the Feminist motion came an addition in the figure of female ethnographers working within the field means that Feminism has influenced ethnographic authorship in legion ways, including enabling fieldwork to be conducted in a better manner. It has been stated that female ethnographers might be treated less suspiciously than males, and may hold entree to a greater figure of countries within a community than male ethnographers who are normally non allowed entree to countries dominated by females. Mead ( 1970 ) agrees that adult females have entree to a wider scope of civilization than male ethnographers do ( Mead 1970: 322 ) , and her work among the adult females of Samoa plays testament to this. Additi onally, Shostak, who conducted ethnographic research among the Kung of the Kalhari desert, stated that she found it easier to discourse with adult females of the folk and analyze their lives than she did with the work forces in the folk. This research finally lead to her publication of Nisa: The Life and Works of a Kung Woman ( 1981 ) . Although it could be argued that adult females might necessitate to take greater safeguards when carry oning fieldwork, it is surely true that if a male wishes to analyze female rites and rites so he will come across more jobs than if a female ethnographer wants to make so. These feminist anthropologists hence contribute a great trade to ethnographic authorship, as without them an full domain of cognition may go through unknown. Although some have commented on the failure of feminist surveies to transform the subjects that form the footing of academic survey ( Barrett 2000, 169 ) , it does non look as though this is the instance with descriptive anthropology and ethnographic texts. Despite the fact that Feminist Anthropology has made its most typical part through showing why an apprehension of gender dealingss must stay cardinal to the analysis of cardinal inquiries in anthropology ( Moore 1988, 195 ) , it can be seen that there are legion other ways in which Feminism has affected anthropology and ethnographic authorship. Feminism changed the place of adult females in the field, both with respects to those being studied within a society, and the ethnographers themselves, by bring outing the prejudices which existed within the field. It besides changed the place of adult females by countering premises held about adult females and those thought to be natural and cosmopolitan. This in bend changed ethnograp hic authorship as non merely were adult females studied more often and more efficaciously, but adult females were carry oning fieldwork more frequently excessively. This re-studying of adult females, by adult females, meant that the consequences in ethnographic authorship were altered for the better. Additionally, Feminism changed ethnographic authorship by presenting new thoughts such as those about sex and gender, and about automatic methodological analysiss, every bit good as arguably carry oning better fieldwork than their male opposite numbers. It is clear that it can non be said that Feminism has non contributed to ethnographic authorship. Bibliography Abu-Lughod, L. ( 1990 ) The Romance of Resistance: Tracing Transformations of Power through Bedouin Women, American Ethnologist 17 ( 1 ) : 41-55 Ardener, E. ( 1975 ) Belief and the job of adult females in S.Ardener ( ed. ) , Perceiving adult females ( 1-17 ) . 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( 1997 ) The Invention of Women: Making an African Sense of Western Gender Discourses. ( USA: University of Minnesota Press ) Rosaldo, M. ( 1974 ) Women, civilization and society: a theoretical overview. In Women, Culture and society ( explosive detection systems ) M. Z. Rosaldo and L. Lamphere. ( Stanford: Stanford University Press ) Rosaldo, M. ( 1980 ) Knowledge and Passion: Ilongot Notions of Self and Social Life. ( Cambridge: Cambridge University Press ) Whittaker, E. ( 1994 ) Decolonizing Knowledge: Towards a Feminist Ethic and Methodology In H. Johnson and C. Grewal ( explosive detection systems ) East and West: Positions on Canada and India. ( New Delhi: Sage Press )