Electrical Energy In The Home Engineering Essay

Electrical Energy In The Home Engineering Essay galvanisingal brawn is an essential efficiency source for modern living. Disruption to deliver or isolation grass lead to the development of alternative methods of obtaining this essential elan vital resource. For electrical energy to be institutionalizeful it must be attach through the use of an electrical term of enlistment and an energy-converting appliance.As electrical energy became increasingly employ as the master(prenominal) power supply in homes and electrical appliances became an integral part of daily life for legion(predicate) Australians, the dangers associated with electricity became to a greater extent prominent. Voltages as downhearted as 20 volts washstand be hard to the human body depending on the health of the person and duration of time of contact with the period. Safety devices in household appliances and within the electric bands in the home tail prevent electrical injury or sanction in reduc ing the possible for electric shock.This module increases students understanding of the history, temperament and practice of physics and the natural coverings and uses of physics.Electrical Energy in the Home1. association has become increasingly dependent on electricity over the closing curtain 200 years converse how the main sources of domestic energy watch changed over timeThe main sources of domestic energy bedevil changed greatly through the years. As population grew for separately iodine new energy sources gave much power, more wealth, better living conditions and more opportunity for humans.Assess few of the impacts of changes in, and increased access to, sources of energy for a communityBefore l unriva directsome(prenominal) man power was used, there was hardly any unfilled time, only if due to industrialization, there has been a lot of mass production which has greatly decreased human effort and giving us more leisure time.Discuss some of the ways in which el ectricity can be provided in remote locationsSome sources of energy for remote places atomic number 18- diesel references A diesel powered engine drive an electrical generatorSolar cells A solar cell converts sunlight directly to electricity which can be stored in batteries for night use.Wind Turbines Generate electricity from the power of the wind. come upon data sources, touch, adjoin and analyse secondary reading ab discover the differing views of Volta and Galvani about animal and chemical electricity and discuss whether their dissimilar views contributed to increased understanding of electricity.www.wikipedia.orgLuigi Galvani conducted a serial of experiments with animals, beginning with dissected catchs.Galvani carried out a wide ranging series of experiments which found that there were convulsive carry onments of the frog when deuce metals were make to touch each some other while unriv completely in alled metal was in contact with a nerve and the other was in contact with a muscle of the frog. Galvani came to the conclusion that the electricity was inherent in the animal itself.According to Galvani, this conclusion was streng olibanumed by an observation that a kind of move of a delicate nerve fluid is made from the nerves to the muscles when the phenomenon of contractions is produced, similar to the electric circuit which is completed in a Leyden jar(2). The diagram to the left illustrates Galvanis theory (3). Galvani published the results of his experiments in a maintain called (Commentary on the Effect of Electricity on Muscular Motion).When A slightandro Volta read Galvanis Commentary, however, he came to a disparate conclusion. Volta focused on the two different kinds of metal used in the basic versions of Galvanis experiments. The diagram to the left shows Voltas theory that the electricity originated in the bimetal arc itself, here drawn in two distinctly different shades, and that the resulting flow of electricity produce d the muscular contractions (3). Voltas subsequent experiments led to the development of the voltaic cellsimilar to a modern-day car batteryand to the development of the region of electrochemistry. Much of our menses knowledge of chemical reactions can be traced closely directly to the experiments of Galvani and Volta.Electrical Energy in the Home2. One of the main advantages of electricity is that is can be moved with comparative ease from maven place to another through electric circuitsDescribe the behaviour of unchanging wind ups and the properties of the domains associated with themElectro static ladens push or pull each other. on that manoeuver argon motors betwixt themSame criminates RepelOpposite Charges Attract subject between two charged platesThe forces atomic number 18 best explained by imagining that each electric charge is surrounded by a force land. whatsoever electric charge that is move within the field will convey a force.By definition the flush of the force field lines is the commissioning a positive (+VE) charge would move if placed in the field. restore the unit of electric charge as the ascorbic acidThe unit of electric charge is the century (C). 1 coulomb of charge is a very immense sum total, so microcoulombs(uC) atomic number 18 commonly used.1(uC)=1 times 10 to the power of -6 CDefine the electric field as a field of force with a field strength equal to the force per unit charge at that point = electric field strength (Newton/coulomb) (NC-1) = force (Newton) (N) = electric charge (coulomb) (C)Since force is c arful in newtons (N), and charge is in coulombs (C), it follows that the unit of electric field strength is the newton per coulomb (NC to the power of -1).This means if a charge Q experiences an electric force F, then there must be an electric field present, and its strength is F/Q.Define electric menstruation as the rate at which charge flows (coulombs/ second or amperes) under the influence of an electr ic field menstruum is the rate at which charge flows. 1 ampere = 1 coulomb/second Conventional flowing runs from + to -. The electron movement is in the diametral room of conventional on-line(prenominal).Identify that certain can be all direct with the net flow of charge carriers moving in one direction or alternating with the charge carriers moving backwards and onward periodicallyDirect CurrentIf the electric field is constant, then the charge will flow steadily in one direction. This is called direct occurrent (DC) e.g. Batteries.Alternating CurrentIf a palm keeps reversing its direction, so does the current. The charges will move back and forth. This is called alternating current (AC). Generators produce AC.Describe electric strength difference ( potential difference) between two points as the change in potential energy per unit charge moving from one point to the other (joules/coulomb or volts)Discuss how potential difference changes at different points close a DC c ircuitDecreases as it move somewhat the circuit.Identify the difference between conductors and insulatorsConductor A conductor is something with low tube, thereof current can flow through it easily. Generally metals are good conductors. Silver and Gold are excellent conductors, but we broadly use copper and aluminium for electrical wiring, this is because they are nearly as good as conductors and a lot cheaper.Insulator An insulator is more often than not a bring opposite of a conductor. It has very high resistance, gum olibanum which impedes current flow. Example of good insulators includes glass, plastic, and paper. Although their resistance is very high, its all a matter of Ohms Law. If a large enough potency is applied, even a good insulator can break down and allow current to flow.Define resistance as the ratio of voltage to current for a particular conductorThe unit of resistance is called the Ohm. The symbol used is the classical letter omiga. How this relates to vol tage and current is due to Ohms Law.Describe qualitatively how each of the following affects the movement of electricity through a conductor lengthEverything else being equal, the longer conductor has more resistance, thus meaning less conductivity. cross sectional areaThe larger the cross-sectional area, the less resistance, thus meaning greater conductivity. temperatureGenerally in metals, the hotter they get, the more resistance they develop, thus meaning increasing conductivity. heartyMetals are mostly good conductors while things such(prenominal) as glass and plastic are poor.Present delineated data to describe the electric field strength and direction between charged fit plates about and between a positive and prohibit point charge purpose problems and analyse in sortingation usingPlan, postulate equipment for and per stress a first-hand investigation to gather data and use the visible(prenominal) evidence to show the relationship between voltage across and current in a DC circuitSolve problems and analyse study applyingPlan, choose equipment for and perform a first-hand investigation to gather data and use the available evidence to show the variations in potential difference between different points around a DC circuitGather and process secondary information to identify materials that are commonly used as conductors to provide household electricitywww.wikipedia.comCopper A ductile, malleable, reddish-brown bimetal element that is an excellent conductor of heat and electricity and is widely used for electrical wiring, water piping, and corrosion-resistant parts, either pure or in alloys such as brass and bronze. Atomic number 29 atomic weight 63.54 resolve point 1,083C boiling point 2,595C particular proposition dryness 8.96 valence 1, 2.Aluminium (Symbol Al)A silvery-white, ductile metallic element, the most abundant in the balls crust but found only in combination, chiefly in bauxite. Having good conductive and thermal properties, it is u sed to form many hard, light, corrosion-resistant alloys. Atomic number 13 atomic weight 26.98 melting point 660.2C boiling point 2,467C specific gravity 2.69 valence 3.Electrical Energy in the Home3. Series and jibe circuits serve different purposes in householdsIdentify the difference between series and gibe circuitsSeries CircuitIn a series circuit all the components are committed in series or attached one after the other, where the current can only distinguish a single path. If 3 light light bulbs are in a series circuit, the light bulbs are either all on, or all aside. They cannot be switched independently. If one bulb burn out the circuit is broken and they all go out.Parallel CircuitsIn a parallel circuit all components are arranged in separate branches of the circuit. Where the current can take multiple paths. If 3 bulbs are arranged in a parallel circuit, at each branch the current differentiates and flows through one bulb only and each bulb can be switched on/off se parately, and if one burns out, the others continue to work.Compare parallel and series circuits in terms of voltage across components and current through themIn series circuits the current is the same throughout the circuit i.e. IT = I1 = I2. Voltages are different across different resistors, but they add up to the for the circuit i.e. VT = V1 + V2.In parallel circuits the voltages are all the same across each resistor i.e. VT = V1 = V2 = V3. Currents are different in each branch but add to the total current i.e. IT = I1 + I2 + I3.Identify uses of ammeters and voltmetersAmmetersAn instrument for the measurement of electric current. The unit of current, the ampere, is the innovation unit on which rests the International System (SI) definitions of all the electrical units. The direct principle of an ammeter depends on the nature of the current to be measured and the the true required. Currents whitethorn be broadly classified as direct current (dc), low-frequency alternating curre nt (ac), or radio frequency.VoltmetersAn instrument for the measurement of the electric potential difference between two conductors. Many different kinds of instruments are available to suit different purposes.Explain wherefore ammeters and voltmeters are connected differently in a circuitAmmeters measure the current, thus they would stick to be placed series with the component you wish to measure current flow through.Voltmeters are placed differently in a circuit as it measures the potential difference across a component and wherefore must be placed in parallel with it.Explain wherefore there are different circuits for lighting, heating and other appliances in a houseIn a typical modern home is fit out to contain a number of separate circuits. Each circuit may contain lights or power outlets and all of them are fitd in parallel.The reason why mostly everything is cabled in parallel is because it has many advantages, such advantages are that they can be switched on and off in dependently. If one burns out the other keep going and the total resistance of the parallel circuit is less, and more usable power can be delivered to each light or appliance.Plan, choose equipment or resources for and perform first-hand investigations to gather data and use available evidence to compare measurements of current and voltage in series and parallel circuits in computer simulations or hands-on equipmentPlan, choose equipment or resources and perform a first-hand investigation to construct unsubdivided model household circuits using electrical componentsElectrical Energy in the Home4. The amount of power is related to the rate at which energy is changeExplain that power is the rate at which energy is transformed from one form to anotherMathematically power = energy divide by time so P = E/t or E = P.tIdentify the relationship between power, potential difference and currentP = VIPower = Voltage x CurrentP = E/tPower = Energy/TimePower is measured in Watts (W).Identify t hat the total amount of energy used depends on the length of time the current is flowing and can be metrical usingEnergy = VItIf you combine the equation P= VI and P=E/t then it follows that VI=E/t and therefore, E=V.I.tExplain why the kilowatt-hour is used to measure electrical energy economic consumption rather than the jouleThe reason why the kilowatt-hour which is a unit of energy which is the expenditure of one kilowatt of power for one hour. The reason why this is used instead of joules is because electrical is consumed widely and extensively meaning large amount of consumption, the appropriate measurement for such a large amount of consumption, kilowatt-hour is the most appropriate measurement unit.Perform a first-hand investigation, gather information and use available evidence to demonstrate the relationship between current, voltage and power for a model 6V to 12V electric heating coilSolve problems and analyse information usingP=VIandEnergy = VIt incertitude If electrici ty cots 15c per kWh calculate i) the energy consumed ii) the cost of using a 100W clod and a 1kW radiator for 3 hours.Solutioni) (100 + 1000) - 3 - 60 - 60= 11880000J OR 11.88MJii) 1.1kW - 3 - 0.15 = $0.495Electrical Energy in the Home5. Electric currents as well produce magnetised fields and these fields are used in different devices in the homeDescribe the behaviour of the magnetized poles of head off magnets when they are brought close togetherDefine the direction of the magnetic field at a point as the direction of force on a very small north magnetic pole when placed at that pointDescribe the magnetic field around pairs of magnetic polesThere is always a North-pole and there is always a South-pole. magnetized fields are always shown visually as lines of force that give a definite pole at each end of the material where the flux lines are more dense and concentrated. The lines which go to make up a magnetic field showing the direction and intensity are called Lines of Force or more commonly Magnetic Flux and are given the Greek symbol, Phi () as shown below.Describe the production of a magnetic field by an electric current in a square current-carrying conductor and describe how the right hand grip rule can determine the direction of current and field linesWhen current is passed through a conductor, a magnetic field is created around it. The direction of the magnetic field can be found using the right hand rule. foreland your right hand thumb in the direction of the current and the direction of your fingers is the direction of the magnetic field.Compare the nature and generation of magnetic fields by solenoids and a bar magnetIn a solenoid the wire is wrapped into a helix or coil, the magnetic field in each loop adds to its neighbours to intensify the field. The magnetic field of a solenoid is on the button the same shape as a bar magnet.Plan, choose equipment or resources for, and perform a first-hand investigation to build an electromagnetPerform a first-hand investigation to observe magnetic fields by mapping lines of force around a bar magnet surrounding a straight DC current-carrying conductor a solenoid present information using and to show the direction of a current and direction of a magnetic fieldIdentify data sources, gather, process and analyse information to explain one application of magnetic fields in household appliancesElectrical Energy in the Home6. Safety devices are important in household circuitsDiscuss the dangers of an electric shock from both a 240 volt AC mains supply and various DC voltages, from appliances, on the muscles of the bodyAn electric shock form a 240 volt AC mains supple can kill a person while various DC voltages form appliances for example 50V can disrupt nerve signals and send your muscles into spasms and if the muscle involved in your heart, it can go into fibrillation where it quivers uncontrollably and does not pump blood properly.a potentially lethal situation.Describe the functions of circuit breaker, fuses, earthing, double insularism and other safety devices in the homeA fuse is a short piece of wire which is used to break circuits as this has a low melting point and if an excess of current flows through it, it gets hot, which it then melts and thereby breaks the circuit.Circuit breakers on the other hand do the same job as a fuse, but can be re-set after a circuit overload causes them to trip.Earthing is where a power point and most plugs have 3 slots/pins the 3rd is for the earth wire. The earth wire carries no current and does nothing. But, if however a loose wire or faulty insulation allows an appliance to become live with electricity, then the current is conducted safely by the earth wire down into the ground.Double insulation is when two layers of insulation which is used to shield electrical circuits form human contact, so if a fault occurred in small hand-held appliance, even with a earth wire a person can still get shocked.