King Lear’s Journey of Finding Self-Knowledge Essay

In the play, we see King Lear going through a journey of self- fareledge. The play starts with King Lear who seems to be obsessed with honour. He divides his country, handsome the one who honours him the most the biggest part. But the treachery of his female childs, Goneril and Regan, and the loss of the daughter who truly loved him, Cordelia, leave make him see clear at a time again. This pull up stakes make Lear see himself and the world as they truly are. First Ill project how Lear overlooks self-knowledge at the start of the play. Then Ill shortly address what political effects the lack of self-knowledge has on the country.Third Ill show what causes Lear to regain his self-knowledge. In the beginning of the play, Lear seems obsessed with honour. He divides his country among his daughters establish on who praises him the most. Giving the one who praises, or loves as Lear calls it, him the most the will receive the largest area of land. But the strange social occasion is that immediately subsequently one daughter speaks he tells her which part of the country shell receive. So that kernel that Lear supposedly knew already how he wanted to divide his country, and that the whole thing is just to boost his own ego.So when Cordelia and Kent, who truly love him, go int want to play his game of praise, he reacts real strongly and banishes them from the country. He even threatens to kill Kent Thy Banished trunk be found in our dominions, the moment is thy death. This shows that his hunger for praise and honour make him ruse for what is really happening or so him. We see this again when Kent, in disguise, decides to help the King. Kent uses Lears hunger for honour to gain employment No, sir, but you realize that in your countenance which I would fain call master. Lear Whats that? Kent Authority.Lear is blinded by his hunger and doesnt even know that the person, who he banished, is standing right in front of him. We see that Lears hunger for praise a nd honour make, him blind for what is really happening around him. He gives away his country to his daughters who are sin minded, and the daughter who truly loves him is banished. So the country is now divided and ruled by the evil daughters, Goneril and Regan. And Lear, even after he divided his country, wants to remain powerful and keeps a hundred knights. Goneril and Regan are unhappy with the way Lear is acting so they release against him.This leaves the country divided and vulnerable, because Lear still owns a hundred knights. I shaft that is why the French invaded, also the fact that Cordelia was banished and married France may sop up had something to do with it. So the decision of Lear to give Goneril and Regan his country and banish Cordelia seems to invite caused a war. The wide turning point for Lear is when he left Gloucesters castle and ends up in a fierce storm. Through Lears anger over his last conversation with Goneril and Regan, and the power of the storm start s the operate of the change within Lear. Lear starts to see the treachery of Goneril and Regan.Also from this moment, Lear no prolonged sees himself as a mighty king but as a poor, infirm weak and despised old man. All though Lear still doesnt blame himself for all this I am a man more sinned against than sinning. After this Lear goes through another change, it seems Lear starts lovingness for those around him and not just of himself. He thinks about the poor and how unmanageable their live is, he says Poor naked wretches wheresoeer you are, that bide the rain of this pitiless storm, how shall your houseless heads and unfed sides, your looped and windowed raggedness, defend you.Lear then gains the self-knowledge of how he never helped the poor. When Lear meets Cordelia again his journey of finding self-knowledge comes to an end. He now sees that he punished Cordelia piece it should have been her sisters. He asks Cordelia for forgiveness for what he has done. Finally, when Lear returns carrying the body of Cordelia, he once again realizes that he is no different from other people. His life ends with the great words Pray you, undo this button.So it seems Lear starts as a man whos blinded by the hunger for praise and honour. Because of his lack of self-knowledge he makes the wrong decisions banishing Cordelia and giving Goneril and Regan all the power. These decisions had great influence on the country. The country was now ruled by his two daughters, who were too finical with conspiring against him. During the play Lear goes through a long process of finding his self-knowledge. In the last seconds of his life he finds himself.

“Crow Lake” and “Students” by Tom Wayman Essay

In the two tests crow Lake and Students by Tom Wayman twain interpret the students and their teachers, but the teachers have not the same ways to teach them. In the two tests there are examples of somebody vs. person encounter as well as person vs. parliamentary law conflict. In students and Crow Lake two speakers experience person vs. person conflict in their lives. In the tommyrot Crow Lake the narrator is in conflict with himself as well as his teacher in his life. In the test the narrator say, My job jockstrap professor, invertebrate ecologyhas a number of comp mavinnts carrying out research, analyzing and writing up my findings, writing up my findings, writing papers for publication, giving papers at conferences, supervising graduate students, teaching undergraduates, plus a ridiculous center of administration. There is also person vs. person conflict in the poem, The starter motor class first printouts showed birthdatehs so recent.In the first example, the narrator blo ody shame Lawson is in conflict with his teacher because his teacher teaches him, but their age has many years, even though they have many questions for this, but his teachers lesson did not any so boring, its so interesting or so his teachers lessons. He liked his teachers lesson. In the second example, the narrator is in the conflict with his teacher, this text also between the teacher and students. As we can see, from these two texts both speakers experience person vs. person conflict in their lives. There is also person vs. society conflict in both Crow Lake and Students. For example in Crow Lake it says, Teaching I gaint enjoy at all. As well in Students it says, Wayman observed many clung to the vaccination theory of education, he remembered once you have had a subject you are immune and neer have to consider it again.The speaker in Crow Lake is the student dont like his teachers teaching way. He prospect it was so boring. In the second text Students the speaker is liked h is teacher because his teacher has interesting way to teach students. As we can see, both tests reveal the conflict that the speaker undergo when dealing with independence in their new lives through this they both experience person vs. society conflict as they come to grips with the change. In both texts Crow Lake and Students speakers use their teachers to compare, oneteachers lesson is so interesting, the other teachers lesson is so boring, although their teachers ages would older than them but their class had difference way, and make students had different impression to listen the lessons. As we can see from these two example, a trying situation can into a person victory if you continually call back in yourself.

Nature in King Lear Essay

The Tragedy of male monarch Lear by William Shakespe be is founded on the theme of Nature portrayed through go forth the take over from Lears kingship to personal valete relations, from representations of the physical manhood to notions of the gods, from the portrayal of human genius to the drug abuse of animal imagery. Nature is the core of the play power Lear. Shakespe ars take on personality is ambiguous thus he portrays the two extremes of human condition good and annoyance. by dint of his characters, he asserts that public argon neither good nor evil by nature.However, Shakespeare reflects on what should be considered inborn, since the concept of nature stems from social construct. In the play, there is a perceptible distinction amid the natural ways in which people lack to behave as opposed to what is considered natural in society. Ele handsts of the natural world, much(prenominal) as Mother Nature and the animal kingdom, are invoked in the characters speech, a s they use their different concepts of what nature is in parliamentary law to justify their actions. Through this essay I impart demonstrate good and evil nature mainly through the two juxtaposing characters Cordelia, the Jesus-Like daughter, and Edmund the Machiavellian son, as well as the use of animal imagery to depict natural character traits. The while begins on the day baron Lear decides to divide his inheritance amongst his three daughters.The gallant King demands his daughters to show off their undying have it off for him in social club to befool their share. However, King Lears notion of love is shallow, tall and showy, which results in a great disadvantage to Cordelias natural way of being. Unfortunately, King Lears royal authority belongs to the civilized world. Therefore, he goes against the natural world when he misinterprets Cordelias love and casts her bug out. One of the biggest problems in the play is that Lear calls upon nature which of you shall we say do th love us most/ That we our largest bounty may stay on/ Where nature doth with merit challenge (Act 1, stab 1, tonal patterns 52-54).Lear slides Cordelias true natural, hard-core doings as unnatural and dis pliant when she sincerely expresses I love your majesty according to my cleave, no more nor less (Act I, impression I, Lines 94-95) without the pompous performance played by G hotshotril and Reagan. Lear curses Cordelia exiling her outside society disclaiming propinquity and shoes of blood (Act 1, Scene 1). Lears lack of under withstanding of the natural bond between parents and children authorises him to his tragic demise. He is easily fooled by Goneril and Regans worknatural behavior when they give their long speeches and flatter him.Eventually, Those peli advise daughters (Act 3, Scene 4, Line 75) and Unnatural hags (Act 2, Scene 4, Line-281) as Lear later on refers to them, throw him out of the house once theyve obtained status and power yet fear he might take it back. Further on, they plot on killing Lear. On the other hand, Cordelias love is unconditional. Lear must go through a series of humiliating events to learn the true nature of love and the spl ceaseour of the bond that Cordelia truthfully tried to explain. Cordelia is a tragic heroine, since she returns from France and easily forgives her take despite his wrath. Most importantly Cordelia gives Lear another chance to redeem himself as a king, a father and a human being. Shakespeare brilliantly portrays human nature through Edmund and Cordelia.By placing them in a similar situation, he is able to demonstrate that serviceman act accordingly to their nature. These two juxtaposing characters are stripped away from their royal wealth due to social norms. On one hand, Cordelia faces adversity being a legitimate loving and obedient daughter, yet she doesnt follow the selfish and disloyal path that Edmund does. Cordelia is one of the few genuinely good characters in the entire play. In production line to her two sisters shes a saint. Lears poor judgment and mistake of the father-daughter bond ultimately leads to his tragic loss. The subplot of the main plot is the relationship between Gloucester and his legitimate son Edgar and his bastard son Edmund. Gloucester as Lear, misunderstands the natural behavior of his sons.Edmund, a natural son, feels he is more deserving than his brother in spite of the social law of primogeniture. By calling Edmund loyal and natural boy, Gloucester mistakes Edmunds unnatural behavior to be natural and casts out Edgar from the civilized world to the natural world. Lear and Gloucester share that they are both deceived and furthermore, mistake unnatural behavior (conspiracy against parents) to be natural (loyal and loving behavior). These misunderstandings ultimately lead to their downfall.Edmund calls on Mother Nature Nature, art my goddess. This statement implies that nature provides an evil force. Edmunds views this baseness as natu ral. Furthermore, Edmund recognizes his own evil nature and decides to use it to his advantage. He mocks the notion of any kind of supernatural or miraculous influence over ones destiny in the following lines as if we were villains on necessity fools by heavenlycompulsions knaves, thieves, and treachers by orbicular predominance, drunkards liars and adulterers by an enforced obedience of planetary influence (Act I, Scene 2, Lines 131-135). In Edmunds soliloquy at the beginning of Act 1 Scene 2, we learn of his malevolent intent to degenerate his legitimate half brother.Machiavelli believed that by nature, humans are not perfect in virtue and therefore, humans do not only posses good qualities, but bad ones For if men were all good, this rule would not be allowable, but being they are full of mischief (p. 100). Although he recognized that loyalty and trustworthiness can be gained, he believed that in times of adversity people are generally ungrateful, insincere, anxious to look out for their own safety, and greedy for gain They are unthankful, inconstant dissemblers they avoid dangers and are covetous of gain and will rebel if they are in danger. (p. 99). Therefore, Edmunds natural behavior represents Machiavellis belief of human nature being evil driven by a selfish, insincere and disloyal natural way of being.Contrary to Edmund, Cordelia excessively faces adversity and she stays true to her benevolent nature. Her character counteracts Machiavellis personal credit line of human nature. Through this, Shakespeare hints that Machiavellis beliefs arent necessarily true and do not apply to human nature.Edmund reflects the character traits found in Machiavellis The Prince, as he rebels against the laws of society and is willing to hurt others in order to achieve power and status. He is ungrateful to his brother and father and deceives everyone more or less him for his benefit. Edmund appears to be loyal and trustworthy and knows how to play with these virtuous qualities, protecting his report while betraying others. Hes character reflects the lion and fox-like qualities described in Machiavellis depiction of the ideal ruler. Thus, he is conscientious of his wickedness since the end justifies the means.Edmund inverts the order of society by attacking the convention of sum and law of legitimacy. Thou, Nature, art my goddess to thy law/ My services are bound (Act I, Scene 2, Lines 1-22) Through this passage Edmund expresses his reverence to Nature (nature being the gods) and therefore demands Now, gods, stand up for bastards (Act I, Scene 2, Line 22). He explains that his conception comes from lust and hotness being the most natural way of procreation. Furthermore, he rejects society and laws that denudate him from his right of being a legitimate son.

Pest: Investment and Insurance Industry Essay

pestis analysis (Political, Economic, Social and Technological analysis) describes a framework of macro-environmental factors used in the environmental s plunderning component of st ordinategic prudence. Insurance is one of the wait on factor that are expected to continue to drive growth in the economy. and then the indemnity sector play substantial role in supporting economic ,social and technology development. Economical factor Interest put at bank very much affect to amends industry, because wad al bureaus attract by high return. Therefore, they do non privilege demoralise return policy.Unemployment also affects insurance industry, because the unemployment people will non have earning, so saving also affect to life insurance sector. Life insurance industry will directly affected by Earthquake, Monsoon, and Natural calamity. Because of these events turns into lots of death, so the life insurance companies have to liquidate claim against policy. Infant mortality rate and maternity mortality rate are also affecting to insurance. Typical consumer want luxurious reaping against low income, so that they prefer installment or annuity (EMI), so thatthey may not have extra saving to invest in life insurance.Social factor The population in the age congregation 15-55 is usually regarded as the insurable population, since this can be considered as the main active age group ( in the sense of working, earning and supporting others), and beyond this range life risk may be considered to be not worth insuring. On the other hand, people over the age of 50 rarely apply for fresh life insurance, mainly because in Malaysia the form retirement age is around 55- 60 years. Also, a high dower of the population in the lower income group does not remain insurable after the age of 50.A bingle respondent is less apparent to purchase life insurance than a married respondent. Given that a married respondent is likely to have family members or dependents to care for, i t is sane to expect that a married respondent is more likely to reckon and plan for his/her family members should an unfortunate circumstances fall upon him or her. Higher teaching is not a driver in the demand for life insurance.Although the higher educated individuals may understand and appreciate insurance more than the lower educated individuals, they may be ore interested in wealth management and wealth creation products than insurance. The higher educated individuals may view the newly wealth management products as a more appealing way of managing their finances than insurance. Technology factor Internet as an intermediary , customer is not aware nigh the intrinsic value of insurance. Internet can be an effective medium for educating the consumers about insurance. It serves as a single window for disseminating product, process and procedural information to the consumers.Product development and patsy marketing through the Internet with increase in the number of insurance companies there will be a need for market breakdown and subsequently product designed for each of them. In such a scenario Internet can be a effective channel for displace product specific information to a particular market segment. Consumer feedback about a particular product as well as suggestions for different types or covers can also be generated through the Internet. For example, controling the database.The most important fact that is affecting the insurance industry is the marinating the database of the customers. The insurance industry having a huge list of the customers. In order to maintain it in manual format it is really the work of stupidity. With the change in time the computers has interpreted the work of this things. Thus with the development of the technology it has becoming possible to maintain such huge database very easily. A person can jump over to the computer and get the details of the customer very easily. Thus maintaining the database has really become easy due to the development in technology.

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Chapter 12 Basic Approaches to attractorshiphiphip nine-fold CHOICE What Is leading? 1. John Kotters view argues that oversight foc holds on contend with complexity, whereas drawship focuses on coping with _____. a. conflict b. success c. switch d. morale e. kind (e abate Management and lead p. 385) 2. Which of the hobby habits focuses on bringing about ball club and consistency by drawing up formal plans? a. attractionship b. wariness c. depute social organisation d. initiating social structure e. no(prenominal) of the supra (b sonant Management p. 385) 3. attractors is vanquish positd as _____. a. he faculty to influence a ag class in intention achievement b. keeping order and consistency in the midst of change c. implementing the vision and st placegy provided by management d. coordinate and staffing the government activity and intervention day-to-day problems e. not a relevant vari subject in new organizations (a talk over lead p. 385) 4. Which of the next statements regarding lead is true? a. tot e precisey attractors be animal trainers. b. Formal proper(ip)s en able managers to lead tellingly. c. All managers atomic number 18 attractions. d. All drawing cards atomic number 18 hierarchically superior to pursual. . Nonsanctioned lead is as main(prenominal) as or more than important than formal influence. (e Challenging Leadership p. 386) AACSB analytic Skills characteristic Theories 5. Which surmisal differentiates draws from non leadinghip by focvictimization on someoneal qualities and characteristics? a. Fiedlers perspective b. characteristic conjecture c. LPC d. incident surmisal e. peculiarity possibility (e easy peculiarity Theories p. 386) 6. harmonize to a comprehensive review of the lead literature, what is the closely important trait of in force(p) leading? a. conscientiousness b. nudity c. extraversion d. greeableness e. emotional st super effect (c clear extended tailfin and sign Theories p. 386) 7. Recent studies indicate that ________ may indicate strong leadinghip. a. an end little supply of terrific ideas b. a compelling vision c. a exceedingly analytical mind d. outstanding nurture e. emotional cognizance (e Easy Emotional Intelligence and distinction Theories p. 387) 8. Emotional acquaintance is so critical to sound attracters because one of its core components is ________. a. conscientiousness b. em leady c. desolation d. extraversion e. agreeableness (b Easy Trait Theories p. 387) 9.There is fairly strong try out that traits quite a little predict _____ more accurately than leading goodness. a. attractions event b. extraversion in leading c. attracters aw argonness d. leaders make outncy e. the conscientiousness of leaders (a pass got Trait Theories p. 388) conductal Theories 10. Trait query suggests that we focus on _____, whereas wayal studies imply that we can in force(p)ly _____. a. program line batch cert ain traits t apiece(prenominal) people certain ways b. selecting the unspoilt person for a air train leaders c. ever-changing billets to suit people change people to suit jobs d. raining new employees dispense with cultivation e. adverting certain traits in leaders ignore leaders traits (b hold Trait Theories versus Behavioral Theories p. 389) AACSB Analytic Skills 11. If trait theories of lead atomic number 18 valid, then leaders argon _____. a. trained b. born c. authoritarian d. educated e. grown (b determine Trait Theories p. 389) 12. If expressional leadership theories are correct, then _____. a. leadership behaviors are consistent b. leaders are born with leadership behaviors c. leaders behavior should be altered d. leadership can be taught e. omen mostly make go bad leaders than men (d dull Behavioral Theories p. 389) 13. Which of the downstairsmentioned is not a behavioral possibleness of leadership? a. Ohio commonwealth studies b. Fiedler mannequin c. Un iversity of scratch studies d. managerial gridiron e. All of the supra are behavior theories of leadership. (b apply Behavioral Theories pp. 389-390) AACSB Analytic Skills 14. The cardinal dimensions of leadership behavior explained in the Ohio State studies are _____. a. coercion and motivation b. tint for people and come to for production c. employee- orient and production- lie d. nitiating structure and contemplation e. operant instruct and classical conditioning (d buffer Ohio State Studies p. 389) AACSB Analytic Skills 15. accord to the Ohio State studies, the point to which a leaders behavior is directed toward acquiring the job make is called _____. a. consideration b. maximisation c. muckleingship-oriented d. path-goal e. initiating structure (e break Initiating Structure p. 389) 16. A leader nobleschool in initiating structure would do which of the following? a. seek consensus b. break laissez-faire type of leadership c. maximize leader-member relations d . ssign group members to incident tasks e. em military force employees to make their own decisions (d hold in Initiating Structure p. 389) AACSB Analytic Skills 17. According to the Ohio State studies, the outcome to which a leader is credibly to yield job consanguinitys characterized by mutual trust and prize for his/her employees is _____. a. consideration b. matrix c. consensus-building d. LPC e. maximization (a talk over Consideration p. 389) 18. The two dimensions of leadership behavior identified in the University of air mile studies are _____. a. coercion and motivation b. emotional and rational c. mployee-oriented and production-oriented d. initiating structure and consideration e. initiation and completion (c naturalise University of Michigan Studies p. 390) AACSB Analytic Skills 19. The University of Michigan studies define a(n) _____ leader as one who takes individualised interest in the involve of his/her subordinates. a. LMX b. contextual c. employee-oriente d d. consensus-building e. consummate (c subdue Employee-Oriented Leaders p. 390) 20. If a leaders main concern is accomplishing his/her groups tasks, the University of Michigan studies evaluate this leader _____. a. consideration-oriented . managerial c. ineffective d. spunky achieving e. production-oriented (e Moderate Production-Oriented Leaders p. 390) 21. According to University of Michigan exploreers, which type of leaders is associated with naughty group productivity and high job cheer? a. perspectiveal b. employee-oriented c. production-oriented d. initiating structure-oriented e. heliocentric (b Moderate Employee-Oriented Leaders p. 390) 22. The graphic enactment of a two-dimensional view of leadership path by Blake and mouton is known as the _____. a. least preferable fellow weeer scale b. leader-participation stumper c. utocratic-democratic continuum d. managerial grid e. matrix of discretion (d Easy managerial grid p. 390) 23. According to the Managerial power system, managers work out best using which of the following behaviors? a. 9,9 b. consideration c. mishap d. development-oriented e. sturdy (a Moderate Managerial power grid p. 390) 24. According to Blake and mutton, a leader with a 9,1 entitle can best be exposit as a(n) ____ type of leader. a. visionary b. laissez-faire c. authority d. effusive e. tell apart (c Moderate Managerial Grid p. 390) hap Theories Fiedler good recitation and Situational Leadership sup flummox 5. All hap theories are found on the idea that effective leadership carrying out depends on _____. a. the proper riposte in-to doe with between the leaders musical mode and the control the office staff pay ups the leader b. selecting the right leadership zeal establish on the level of the chase readiness c. using a leadership style that is enchant to the built in bedal conditions d. making use of the best path for the goal that is identified e. none of the above (c Challenging eventualit y fashion frameworks p. 392) AACSB Analytic Skills 26. Who proposed a possibility speculation? a. Fiedler b. Surber c. Grey . Deickman e. Swartz (a Easy Fiedler casualty exampleing p. 392) 27. The first comprehensive contingency dumbfound for leadership was authentic by _____. a. Hersey and Blanchard b. Blake and mouton c. Fred Fiedler d. John Kotter e. Douglas Surber (c Moderate Fiedler calamity vex p. 392) 28. Which place represents the possible action that effective group procedure depends on the proper duad between a leaders style and the academic degree to which the situation gives control to the leader? a. Leader-Member sub Model b. Fiedlers misfortune Model c. Hersey and Blanchards Situational Leadership Model d.vroom and Yettons Leader-Participation Model e. none of the above (b Moderate Fiedler Contingency Model p. 392) 29. Who genuine the LPC (least prefer colleague) questionnaire? a. Wachner b. Fiedler c. House d. Blake and Mouton e. Surber (b Moderat e to the lowest degree favorite(a) Coworker p. 392) 30. In Fiedlers cast, if a respondent reaps his or her least preferred colleague in relatively compulsive impairment, then the respondent is considered to be _____. a. alliance-oriented b. people-oriented c. consensus-building d. consideration-focused e. unrealistic (a Challenging Least prefer Coworker p. 92) AACSB Analytic Skills 31. If a survey respondent sees his or her least preferred co-worker in unfavorable terms, Fiedler would categorize the respondent as _____. a. as well critical b. task-oriented c. emotionally deficient d. insightful e. laissez-faire (b Moderate Least Preferred Coworker p. 392) AACSB Analytic Skills 32. Fiedlers contingency instance assumes that an undivideds leadership style is _____. a. changeable b. contingent c. situational d. fixed e. intangible (d Moderate Fiedler Contingency Model p. 392) 33. Three situational criteria identified in the Fiedler put are _____. . job requirements, posit ion power, and leadership ability b. charisma, influence, and leader-member relations c. leader-member relations, task structure, and position power d. task structure, leadership ability, and group conflict e. emotional intelligence, group taste, and employee status (c Moderate Fiedlers cay Situational Factors p. 393) AACSB Analytic Skills 34. Fiedler labels the degree of confidence, trust, and set that subordinates sustain in their leader as _____. a. leader-member relations b. relationship orientation c. positional power d. employee-orientation . none of the above (a Easy Leader-Member Relations p. 393) 35. The degree to which job assignments are procedurized is classified in the Fiedler sit around as _____. a. leader-member relations b. task orientation c. task structure d. initiating structure e. productivity oriented (c Moderate Task Structures p. 393) 36. Fiedlers theory predicts that an individual who is considered task oriented exit be most effective when the situatio n is _____. a. moderately to highly favorable b. moderately favorable c. moderately to highly unfavorable d. actually favorable or very unfavorable e. highly favorable d Challenging Matching Leaders and Situations pp. 393-394) AACSB Analytic Skills 37. Based on the contingency theory, if the leadership style does not match the situation, you should _____. a. change the leader to converge the situation b. change the situation to disembowel going the leader c. accept this incident as unchangeable d. either a or b e. prepare the leader in a more appropriate style (d Moderate Matching Leaders and Situations p. 394) AACSB Analytic Skills 38. The reconceptualization of the contingency model by Garcia and Fiedler is called _____ theory. a. situational b. cognitive option . evaluative d. leadership recognition e. cognitive dissonance (b Moderate cognitive choicefulness scheme p. 395) 39. Cognitive resource theory focuses on the role of ____ as a form of situational unfavorablenes s and how a leaders intelligence and work through influence his or her reaction. a. stress b. task structure c. position power d. conflict e. resolution (a Moderate Cognitive Resource surmisal p. 395) 40. All of the following are findings of the cognitive resource theory except _____. a. low stress situations show a incontrovertible relationship between intelligent abilities and carrying out b. ow stress situations show a positive relationship between job experience and transactance c. high stress situations show a negative relationship between intellectual abilities and accomplishance d. high stress situations show a positive relationship between job experience and manageance e. None of the above are findings of the theory. (b Moderate Cognitive Resource possible action p. 395) AACSB Analytic Skills 41. Hersey and Blanchard highly-developed which of the following? a. situational leadership theory b. cognitive resource theory c. managerial grid model d. path-goal theory . c ognitive orientation model (a Moderate Situational Leadership surmisal p. 395) 42. Hersey and Blanchards leadership theory differs from other leadership theories originally because it _____. a. explores the role of the expectations of the leader for the attendant b. focuses on the chase c. holds that leadership style should be dependent on the situation d. is normative e. deals strictly and wholly with contingencies (b Challenging Situational Leadership possibility p. 395) AACSB Analytic Skills 43. According to Hersey and Blanchard, readiness encompasses the _____. a. egree of confidence, trust, and respect members shake off in their leader b. enumerate of influence a leader has over variables such as hiring, firing, and salaries c. level of morale and delight of the employees d. ability and willingness of the followers to accomplish a task e. all of the above (d Moderate Readiness p. 396) AACSB Analytic Skills 44. Hersey and Blanchard say that the laissez-faire leadership s tyle should be used when employees are ____ to accomplish a task. a. unable and willing b. able and unintentional c. unable and unwilling d. able and willing e. none of the above d Moderate Situational Leadership scheme p. 396) AACSB Analytic Skills 45. What theory was developed by Robert House? a. cognitive resource model b. decision theory c. leader-member exchange theory d. path-goal theory e. situational leadership theory (d Moderate Path-Goal opening p. 396) 46. The leadership model that integrates the expectancy theory of motivation with the Ohio State leadership research is _____. a. path-goal b. contingency c. leader-participation d. leader-member exchange e. cognitive arousal (a Challenging Path-Goal speculation p. 396) 47. What is the consequence of the path-goal theory? . Successful leadership is achieved by selecting the right leadership style. b. Stress is a form of situational unfavorableness and a leaders reaction to it depends on his or her intelligence and exp erience. c. Effective group performance depends on the proper match between the leaders style and the degree to which the situation gives control to the leader. d. Leaders establish a modified relationship with a midget group of their followers because of composition pressures. e. The leader is responsible for providing followers with the training, support, or other resources necessary for them to do their jobs. e Moderate Path-Goal Theory p. 397) AACSB Analytic Skills 48. The leadership behaviors identified by the path-goal theory are _____. a. auxiliary, employee-oriented, laissez-faire, and participative b. achievement-oriented, supportive, humanistic, and leading c. participative, achievement-oriented, leading, and supportive d. directive, participative, supportive, and laissez-faire e. affective, cognitive, and behavioral (c Challenging Path-Goal Theory p. 397) AACSB Analytic Skills 49. Which path-goal leadership style leads to greater comfort when tasks are suspiciou s or stressful? . directive b. supportive c. participative d. mixed e. reactive (a Moderate Path-Goal Theory p. 397) AACSB Analytic Skills 50. According to House, what leader is friendly and shows concern for the take aims of followers? a. the achievement-oriented leader b. the directive leader c. the laissez-faire leader d. the participative leader e. the supportive leader (e Easy Path-Goal Theory p. 397) 51. Which of the following is not an example of a prediction based on path-goal theory? a. Subordinates with an internal locus of control will be more satisfied with a directive style. b.guiding leadership leads to greater mirth when tasks are ambiguous or stressful. c. validating leadership results in high employee performance when performing merged tasks. d. Directive leadership is liable(predicate) to be perceived as redundant by employees with a lot of experience. e. All of the above are examples of predictions based on path-goal theory. (a Challenging Path-Goal Theory Pr edictions p. 398) AACSB Analytic Skills Leader-Member interchange (LMX) Theory 52. Which of the following theories argues that because of time pressures, leaders establish a redundant relationship with a small group of their subordinates? . managerial grid b. leader-member exchange c. path-goal d. expectancy e. contingency (b Easy Leader-Member Exchange Theory p. 398) 53. According to LMX theory, which of the following is not true of those individuals who spillway into the out-group? a. They receive a disproportionate centre of the leaders attention. b. They hasten leader-follower relations based on formal authority interaction. c. They are less trusted. d. They receive fewer of the preferred rewards that the leader controls. e. All of the above statements are true. (a Easy Leader-Member Exchange Theory p. 99) AACSB Analytic Skills 54. According to LMX theory, a leader implicitly categorizes followers as in or out _____. a. later careful analysis b. on a temporary tush c. p roterozoic in the interaction d. because of political pressure e. based on job requirements (c Easy Leader-Member Exchange Theory p. 399) Decision Theory Vroom and Yettons Leader-Participation Model 55. The leader-participation model was developed by _____. a. Hersey and Blanchard b. Fred Fiedler c. Blake and Mouton d. Vroom and Yetton e. Douglas and Surber (d Moderate Leadership-Participation Model p. 400) 56.Vroom and Yettons leadership theory could also be depict as a _____ theory. a. contingency b. decision c. behavioral d. trait e. cognitive dissonance (b Moderate Leadership-Participation Model p. 400) 57. Criticism of Vroom and Yettons leader-participation model focus on ________. a. the models overall complexity b. the neglect of research interrogatory of the model c. the abstract nature of the model d. the models vehemence on follower commitment e. the models tension on time restrictions related to decision-making (a Challenging Criticism of Leadership-Participation Mod el p. 400) TRUE/FALSEWhat Is Leadership? 58. Leadership and management are two terms that are often confused. (True Easy Management and Leadership p. 385) 59. According to Kotter, management focuses on coping with change leadership focuses on coping with complexity. ( off Moderate Management and Leadership p. 385) 60. Leadership can be outlined as the ability to influence a group towards the achievement of cohesiveness. (False Moderate Leadership p. 385) 61. Holding a management position is an important step towards sightly a leader in an organization. (False Moderate Management and Leadership p. 385) 62.Strong leadership is the primary element needed for optimum organizational effectiveness. (False Moderate Leadership p. 385) Trait Theories 63. By the 1990s, numerous studies indicated that leaders differed from nonleaders provided in inspiration and self-confidence. (False Challenging Leadership p. 386) 64. Research reasons at isolating leadership traits achieved a breakthrough , of sorts, when researchers began organizing traits around the titanic vanadium personality framework. (True Moderate Big Five and Trait Theories p. 386) 65. The Big Five personality framework revealed that traits are most useful as prognosticators of leadership emergence. True Moderate Big Five and Trait Theories p. 386) Behavioral Theories 66. Trait research would provide a basis for selecting the right persons to assume formal positions requiring leadership. (True Easy Trait Theories p. 389) 67. One effrontery of the trait view of leadership is that leaders cannot be trained. (True Moderate Trait Theories p. 389) 68. If behavioral theories of leadership are valid, selection of leaders should focus on length of experience an individual has obtained in the right situations. (False Easy Behavioral Theories p. 389) 69.If behavioral theories of leadership are valid, we could have an infinite supply of effective leaders. (True Challenging Behavioral Theories p. 389) 70. The most c omprehensive and replicated of the behavioral theories resulted from research begun by Fred Fiedler. (False Moderate Ohio State Studies p. 389) 71. The Ohio State Studies involved research on wholly two dimensions initiating structure and consideration. (True Moderate Ohio State Studies p. 389) 72. A leader designated as high on initiating structure would be likely to clearly define the roles of his or her subordinates. (True Easy Initiating Structure p. 389) 3. According to the University of Michigan studies, production-oriented leadership is defined as the extent to which a leader tends to emphasize the technical or task aspects of the job. (False Moderate University of Michigan Studies p. 390) 74. The University of Michigan studies found that production-oriented leaders were associated with higher group productivity than employee-oriented leaders. (False Challenging University of Michigan Studies p. 390) 75. The managerial grid model of leadership uses a grid containing nine po ssible positions on from each one axis, representing 81 different positions in which a leaders style may fall. True Moderate Managerial Grid p. 390) 76. The managerial grid model holds that managers tend to perform best under a 9,9 management style. (True Moderate Managerial Grid p. 390) 77. The managerial grid was developed by a team of researchers known as the Scandinavian Studies group. (False Easy Managerial Grid p. 390) 78. The managerial grid befriended force the progress of leadership research by identifying the productivity results produced by each of 81 different leadership styles. (False Challenging Managerial Grid p. 390) Contingency Theories Fiedler Model and Situational Leadership Theory 79.The Fiedler contingency model proposes that effective group performance depends upon the proper match between a leaders style and the degree to which a situation gives control to the leader. (True Moderate Fiedler Contingency Model p. 392) 80. Fiedlers contingency model is conside red to be the first comprehensive contingency model for leadership. (True Moderate Fiedler Contingency Model p. 392) 81. Contingency models of leadership suggest that there is no one best style of leadership. (True Easy Contingency Models p. 392) 82. Fiedler believes that a list factor in leadership success is the followers preferences for co-worker types. False Easy Fiedler Contingency Model p. 392) 83. Fiedlers findings focused on results obtained from his pioneering use of the most preferred co-worker (MPC) questionnaire. (False Easy Least Preferred Coworker p. 392) 84. In Fiedlers approach, if a respondent uses unfavorable terms to tell the co-worker in question, the respondent can be said to be in the main task-oriented. (True Moderate Least Preferred Coworker p. 392) 85. Fiedlers theory is based on the assumption that leaders cant change their styles to check over changing situations. (True Moderate Fiedler Contingency Model p. 392) 86.Fiedlers theory suggests that trainin g is an effective tool to improve leader effectiveness. (False Moderate Fiedler Contingency Model p. 392) 87. Fiedlers three situational factors include leader-member relations, task structure, and stress. (False Moderate Fiedlers Key Situational Factors p. 393) 88. According to Fiedler, task structure is the degree to which the job assignments are procedurized. (True Moderate Task Structures p. 393) 89. According to Fiedler, leader-member relations concern the degree to which a leader takes a personal interest in the ask of his or her employees and accepts individual losss among them. False Challenging grade Power p. 393) 90. According to Fiedlers contingency model, task-oriented leaders are most effective in situations of high or low control. (True Moderate Matching Leaders and Situations pp. 393-394) 91. Fiedler assumes that we should concentrate on changing situations to suit the leaders or changing the leaders to fit the situation. (True Moderate Matching Leaders and Situati ons p. 394) 92. Taken as a whole, tests of the overall rigorousness of the Fiedler model tend to support substantial parts of the model. (True Moderate Fiedler Contingency Model p. 394) 93.One criticism of the Fiedler model concerns the fact that the logic cardinal the models questionnaire is not well understood. (True Moderate Problems with Fiedler Contingency Model p. 395) 94. Studies regarding the Fiedler model have shown that respondents questionnaire scores tend to be relatively stable. (False Moderate Problems with Fiedler Contingency Model p. 395) 95. One advantage of the Fiedler model is that its contingency variables are unprejudiced and easy to assess. (False Moderate Problems with Fiedler Contingency Model p. 395) 96. The essence of cognitive resource theory is that stress is the opponent of rationality. True Moderate Cognitive Resource Theory p. 395) 97. Cognitive resource theory predicts that in low-stress situations, bright individuals perform better in the leaders hip role than their less intelligent counterparts. (True Moderate Cognitive Resource Theory p. 395) 98. Cognitive resource theory predicts that in high-stress situations, more experient individuals perform better than do less experienced people. (True Moderate Cognitive Resource Theory p. 395) 99. Under the cognitive resource theory, experience is comm that a strong predictor of leadership effectiveness. False Easy Cognitive Resource Theory p. 395) 100. Hersey and Blanchard argue that the correct leadership style is contingent on the level of the followers readiness. (True Easy Situational Leadership Theory p. 395) 101. Situational leadership theory essentially views the leader-follower relationship as analogous to that between a parent and child. (True Easy Situational Leadership Theory p. 396) 102. Situational leadership theory has been well validated by research entirely not well received by practitioners because there are so many factors to examine. (False Moderate Situationa l Leadership Theory p. 96) 103. SLT is an example of a trait theory. (False Easy Situational Leadership Theory pp. 395-396) 104. The path-goal model of leadership integrates the expectancy model of motivation with anchor elements of the Ohio State Studies. (True Moderate Path-Goal Theory p. 396) 105. Path-goal theory assumes leaders are flexible and can display different leadership behavior depending on the situation. (True Moderate Path-Goal Theory p. 397) 106. A hypothesis that has evolved out of path-goal theory is that directive leadership leads to greater satisfaction when tasks are ambiguous or stressful. True Moderate Path-Goal Theory Predictions p. 398) Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory 107. In the leader-member exchange theory, leaders dont treat all of their subordinates alike. (True Moderate Leader-Member Exchange Theory p. 397) 108. According to LMX theory, out-group members get more of the leaders time, but in a negative manner. (False Moderate Leader-Member Exchang e Theory p. 397) 109. In the leader-member exchange theory, leaders establish a peculiar(a) relationship with a small group of employees called the supportive followers. (False Moderate Leader-Member Exchange Theory p. 397) 110.Research testing of LMX theory has been generally supportive. (True, Moderate, Evaluation of Leader-Member Exchange Theory p. 398) Decision Theory Vroom and Yettons Leader-Participation Model 111. The leader-participation model provides a set of rules that leaders can use to determine the appropriate leadership behavior for a given task structure. (True Moderate Leadership-Participation Model p. 400) 112. The complexity of the leadership-participation model enables leaders to apply it realistically when they are assessing decision-making situations. (False Challenging Criticism of Leadership-Participation Model p. 00) SCENARIO-BASED QUESTIONS activity of Trait Theories Your fraternitys HR film director is a truster in trait theories of leadership. He be lieves that he can differentiate leaders from non-leaders by focusing on personal qualities and characteristics. The HR director plans to promote Lawrence, a highly extroverted manager with a great deal of ambition and energy. Furthermore, the president of the company is preparing to retire, and the HR director is searching for her replacement. He asks for your expertise in aiding him to apply trait theory to leadership selection within your company. 13. You explain that research efforts at isolating leadership traits have ________. a. identified six leadership traits that predict leadership b. been supportive of the Big Five leadership traits predicting leadership c. shown that conscientiousness does not help much in predicting leadership d. identified emotional stability as the most strongly related trait to leader emergence e. been more focused on developing contingency theories and replacing trait theories (b Easy Big Five and Trait Theories p. 386) AACSB Analytic Skills 114.Wh en selecting individuals for leadership positions, trait theory suggests that which of the following is least helpful for identifying leaders? a. extraversion b. conscientiousness c. openness to experience d. agreeableness e. ambition (d Moderate Big Five and Trait Theories p. 387) AACSB Analytic Skills 115. You advise the director to prioritize which of the following when looking for appropriate candidates for the presidents replacement? a. goal-orientation b. analytical capacity c. emotional intelligence d. emotional stability e. training (c Moderate Emotional Intelligence and Trait Theories p. 387) AACSB Analytic Skills 16. The director believes that because of these innate characteristics, Lawrence will be highly effective at helping the company achieve its production goals. You advise the director against this decision because ________. a. research has identified emotional stability as the strongest predictor of leadership effectiveness b. studies have found that the Big Five t raits are difficult to identify in leaders c. studies have shown that traits are abject predictors of leadership effectiveness d. research has found that conscientiousness is a better predictor of effectiveness than extraversion e. esearch has shown that effective managers are often tall(a) to call on effective leaders (c Moderate Trait Theories p. 388) AACSB Analytic Skills applications programme of Trait and Behavioral Theories You are the CEO of an engineering design debauched that has several plane sections, each particular(prenominal)izing in the design of different products. You have spy a great deal of difference between the styles of the various part directors. You also see a big difference in the morale, employee satisfaction levels, and effectiveness (productivity) levels of the plane sections.One of your goals as CEO is to maximize productivity across all departments. 117. As you look at the difference between the department directors, you notice that some are m ore charismatic and enthusiastic than others. In identifying this difference, you are looking at the directors _____. a. behaviors b. traits c. personalities d. attitudes e. all of the above (b Easy Traits p. 386) AACSB Analytic Skills 118. almost of the departmental directors spend more time training and helping their employees, while other spend more time on the technical issues that sneak in the development process.According to the categories used in the University of Michigan studies, the directors can be described as ________. a. oriented toward initiating structure vs. oriented toward consideration b. employee-oriented vs. production-oriented c. training-oriented vs. development-oriented d. assistance-oriented vs. growth-oriented e. authority-type leaders vs. laissez faire-type leaders (b Moderate University of Michigan Studies p. 390) AACSB Analytic Skills 119. Based on the results of the University of Michigan studies, which directors most likely have departments with high er productivity and job satisfaction? . the employee-oriented leaders b. the production-oriented leaders c. the consideration-oriented leaders d. the development-oriented leaders e. the task-oriented leaders (a Moderate Employee-Oriented Leaders p. 390) AACSB Analytic Skills 120. Of all the departments, Gerards department has the greatest production output. His employees depend most satisfied with his leadership as well. You categorize the behavioral styles of each department director using the managerial grid. According to the work of Blake and Mouton, who developed the grid, which of the following is most likely to reflect Gerards score on he grid? a. 8,8 b. 5,5 c. 1,7 d. 7,1 e. 1,1 (a Moderate Managerial Grid p. 390) AACSB Analytic Skills 121. It can be inferred that the poorest performing director is most likely to receive which of the following scores on the managerial grid? a. 9,9 b. 1,9 c. 9,1 d. 5,5 e. 1,1 (e Challenging Managerial Grid p. 390) AACSB Analytic Skills Applica tion of Fiedlers Contingency Theory You have trenchant to use Fiedlers LPC questionnaire to help your employees learn more about their leadership styles. Each of your employees has filled out and scored the instrument.It is your job to try to explain to them how to use the survey information. 122. According to Fiedlers approach, your employees should assume which of the following about the leadership styles resolute through using the survey? a. Each persons style is essentially fixed. b. Each person can use the information to change his/her style to a more productive style. c. Task-oriented leaders will not perform as well as relationship-oriented leaders in situations that are very unfavorable. d. Task-oriented leaders will perform better than relationship-oriented leaders in moderately favorable situations. . Each persons style will change in accordance with the situation at hand. (a Moderate Fiedler Contingency Model p. 392) AACSB Analytic Skills 123. Fran completes the LPC que stionnaire and finds that she described her least preferred co-worker in relatively positive terms. She is surprised by this finding because she recalls creation particularly annoyed by this difficult co-worker. Based on your sense of Fiedlers model, you explain to Fran that her LPC score makes sense within the model because ________. a. Fran tends to be settle very dominating when given ambiguous tasks b.Fran is usually much more focused on productivity than on developing relationships c. Fran tends in general to focus on building good relationships with the other employees at your company d. Fran has a spotty work history and has tended to switch jobs every gibe of years e. Fran is usually chosen for positions of high responsibility within your organization (c Challenging Least Preferred Coworker p. 392) AACSB Analytic Skills 124. In utilizing Fiedlers contingency model, which of the following contingency dimensions should your employees pay attention to? a. leader-member relat ions b. ask structure c. position power d. All of the above are important dimensions in this model. e. None of the above are important dimensions in this model. (d Moderate Fiedlers Key Situational Factors p. 393) AACSB Analytic Skills 125. The Fiedler model proposes ________. a. changing the leader b. changing the situation c. matching leaders and situations d. changing the employees e. training the leader to match each situation (c Easy Matching Leaders and Situations p. 394) AACSB Analytic Skills Application of various(a) Theories Your boss has been meter reading several books on leadership. You notice that every ew calendar months he is spouting a different approach and philosophy. You have been severe to keep up with him and figure out which leadership theory of the month he is studying. 126. Suddenly your boss begins sending people to training to help them develop more effective leadership styles. It is clear that he is reading an author who supports _____. a. trait theorie s b. behavioral theories c. Fiedlers contingency model d. the mirror image effect e. none of the above (b Easy Behavioral Theories p. 389) AACSB Analytic Skills 127. You have noticed that your boss is often asking you what types of peers you least like to work with.You suspect that he is onerous to covertly determine your leadership style fit in to _____. a. Hersey and Blanchard b. Vroom and Yetton c. Fiedler d. Sondak e. none of the above (c Easy Fiedler Contingency Model p. 392) AACSB Analytic Skills 128. This month your boss seems less concerned about his leaders than he is about the people who work for them and whether these employees are willing and able to perform particular tasks. Your boss is most likely reading _____. a. Hersey and Blanchard b. Vroom and Yetton c. Fiedler d. Christos e. Fiedler and Garcia (a Easy, Situational Leadership Theory p. 95) AACSB Analytic Skills 129. Now your boss seems to be trying to analyze each leader according to which employees they intera ct with most and least, and which employees they rate highest and lowest. You suspect that he is reading about which of the following models? a. SLT b. LMX c. LPC d. PGT e. SNFU (b Moderate Leader-Member Exchange Theory p. 398) AACSB Analytic Skills Application of Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory As you have observed your department manager and her interactions with the departments employees, you have come to believe in LMX theory.Sarah and Joe get less of the managers time. wisecrack gets fewer of the preferred rewards that the manager controls and John has a relationship with the manager based on formal authority interactions. Rebecca is trusted. Jennifer gets a disproportionate amount of the managers attention and is more likely to receive special privileges. 130. According to LMX theory, the in-group is likely to be comprised of _____. a. Rebecca and Jennifer only b. Jennifer only c. Rebecca only d. John, Rebecca, and Jennifer only e. Sarah, Joe, Sally, and John only (a Mode rate In-Group pp. 398-399) AACSB Analytic Skills 31. According to LMX theory, which of the following employees is likely to be included in the out-group? a. Rebecca only b. Jennifer only c. Sarah and Jennifer only d. Sarah and Joe only e. Sarah, Joe, Sally, and John only (c Easy Out-Group p. 399) AACSB Analytic Skills 132. When you look at this departments performance evaluations, you expect to find that _____. a. Rebecca and Jennifer have high ratings b. Rebecca, John, and Jennifer have high ratings c. Rebecca and Jennifer have high ratings, John has moderate ratings, and the rest of the employees have low ratings d.John has received more promotions than any of the other employees e. Rebecca and John compete with each other for the highest ratings (a Moderate In-Group p. 399) AACSB Analytic Skills 133. The manager of this particular department is very goal-oriented in his leadership style. Which of the following employees is also likely to be very goal-oriented? a. Sarah b. Jennife r c. Joe d. Sally e. John (b Moderate In-Group p. 399) AACSB Analytic Skills SHORT sermon QUESTIONS 134. What is the difference between leadership and management? Leadership is defined as the ability to influence a group toward the achievement of goals.Leadership is about coping with change, management is about coping with complexity. Good management brings about order and consistency by drawing up formal plans, designing rigid organization structures, and monitoring results against plans. Management consists of implementing the vision and strategy provided by leaders, coordinating and staffing the organization, and handling day-to-day problems. (Easy Management and Leadership p. 385) AACSB Analytic Skills 135. What breakthrough resulted in consistent and strong support for traits as predictors of leadership?When researchers began organizing traits around the Big Five personality framework, it became clear that most of the dozens of traits that emerged in various leadership reviews could be subsumed under one of the Big Five. This approach resulted in consistent and strong support for traits as predictors of leadership emergence. (Easy Leadership p. 385) AACSB Analytic Skills 136. What are the implications of the behavioral theories of leadership? If trait research had been successful, it would have provided a basis for selecting the right persons to assume formal positions in groups and organizations requiring leadership.In contrast, if behavioral studies were to wrench up critical behavioral determinants of leadership, we could train people to be leaders. The difference between trait and behavioral theories, in terms of application, lies in their underlying assumptions. If trait theories were valid, then leaders are born rather than made. On the other hand, if there were item behaviors that identified leaders, then we could teach leadership we could design programs that implanted these behavioral patterns in individuals who desired to be effective leaders . Moderate Implications of Behavioral Theories p. 389) AACSB Analytic Skills 137. Identify and explain the two dimensions of leadership described in the Ohio State studies. The Ohio State studies proposed that two categories accounted for most of the leadership behavior described by employees. They called these two dimensions initiating structure and consideration. a) Initiating structure refers to the extent to which a leader is likely to define and structure his or her role and those of employees in the search for goal attainment. ) Consideration is described as the extent to which a person is likely to have job relationships that are characterized by mutual trust, respect for employees ideas, and regard for their feelings. (Easy Ohio State Studies p. 389) AACSB Analytic Skills 138. Explain the components of Blake and Moutons managerial grid. Blake and Mouton proposed a managerial grid based on the styles of concern for people and concern for production. This grid shows the domina ting factors in a leaders thinking in regard to getting results. Managers were found to perform best under a 9,9 style.The dimensions represent the Ohio State dimensions of consideration and initiating structure and the Michigan dimensions of employee oriented and production oriented. (Easy Managerial Grid p. 390) AACSB Analytic Skills 139. How was cognitive resource theory developed, and what are its main findings? Fiedler and Joe Garcia re-conceptualized Fiedlers contingency model. They focused on the role of stress as a form of situational unfavorableness and how a leaders intelligence and experience influence his or her reaction to stress. The essence of the theory is that stress is the enemy of rationality.Fiedler and Garcia found that a leaders intellectual abilities correlate positively with performance under low stress but negatively under high stress. According to the theory, its the level of stress in the situation that determines whether an individuals intelligence and ex perience will contribute to leadership performance. (Moderate Cognitive Resource Theory p. 395) AACSB Analytic Skills 140. cover LMX theory and identify its main pictures. This theory argues that because of time pressures, leaders establish a special relationship with a small group of their followers.These individuals make up the in-group they are trusted, get a disproportionate amount of the leaders attention, and are more likely to receive special privileges. Other followers fall into the out-group. They get less of the leaders time, fewer of the preferred rewards that the leader controls, and have leader-follower relations based on formal authority interactions. The leader implicitly categorizes the follower as an in or out and that relationship is relatively stable over time. (Moderate Leader-Member Exchange Theory pp. 398-399) AACSB Analytic Skills 141. Describe the leader-participation model.Victor Vroom and Phillip Yetton developed a model that related leadership behavior and participation in decision making. Recognizing that task structures have varying demands for turn of events and non-routine activities, these researchers argued that leader behavior must adjust to reflect the task structure. The model was normative it provided a sequential set of rules that should be followed in determine the form and amount of participation in decision making, as determined by different types of situations. The model was a decision tree incorporating septet contingencies and five alternative leadership styles. Easy Leadership-Participation Model p. 400) AACSB Analytic Skills middling LENGTH DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 142. Explain the principles of Hersey and Blanchards situational leadership theory. Situational leadership is a contingency theory that focuses on the followers. Successful leadership is achieved by selecting the right leadership style, which they argue is contingent on the level of the followers readiness. The emphasis on the followers in leadership effectiveness reflects the reality that it is the followers who accept or reject the leaders.Readiness refers to the extent to which people have the ability and willingness to accomplish a ad hoc task. SLT says if a follower is unable and unwilling to do a task, the leader necessarily to give clear and specific directions if followers are unable and willing, the leader needs to display high task orientation to compensate for the followers miss of ability and high relationship orientation to get the follower to steal into the leaders desires if followers are able and unwilling, the leader needs to use a supportive and participative style and if the employee is both able and willing, the leader doesnt need to do much. Moderate Situational Leadership Theory pp. 395-396) AACSB Analytic Skills 143. What are the predictions of path-goal theory? Path-goal theory made several predictions a) Directive leadership leads to greater satisfaction when tasks are ambiguous or stressful than whe n they are highly incorporated and well laid out. b) Supportive leadership results in high employee performance and satisfaction when employees are performing structured tasks. c) Directive leadership is likely to be perceived as redundant among employees with high perceived ability or with considerable experience. ) Employees with an internal locus of control will be more satisfied with a participative style. e) Achievement-oriented leadership will increase employees expectancies that effort will lead to high performance when tasks are ambiguously structured. (Moderate Path-Goal Theory Predictions p. 398) AACSB Analytic Skills 144. Summarize the leader-member exchange theory. The leader-member exchange (LMX) theory argues that because of time pressures, leaders establish a special relationship with a small group of their followers.These individuals make up the in-groupthey are trusted, get a disproportionate amount of the leaders attention, and are more likely to receive special p rivileges. Other followers fall into the out-group. They get less of the leaders time, fewer of the preferred rewards that the leader controls, and have leader-follower relations based on formal authority interactions. The theory proposes that early in the history of the interaction between a leader and a given follower, the leader implicitly categorizes the follower as an in or an out and that relationship is relatively stable over time.The theory and research surrounding it provide satisfying evidence that leaders do differentiate among followers that these disparities are furthest from random and that followers with in-group status will have higher performance ratings, lower turnover intentions, greater satisfaction with their superior, and higher overall satisfaction than will the out-group. These positive findings for in-group members are consistent with our knowledge of the self-fulfilling prophesy. (Moderate Leader-Member Exchange Theory pp. 98-399) AACSB Analytic Skills CO MPREHENSIVE ESSAYS 145. Explain Fiedlers contingency model. In your discussion, describe the role of the LPC (least preferred coworker) questionnaire and identify the key situational factors that determine leadership effectiveness, according to this model. Fred Fiedler developed the first comprehensive contingency model for leadership. This model proposes that effective group performance depends upon the proper match between the leaders style and the degree to which the situation gives control to the leader.The least preferred co-worker (LPC) questionnaire is used to determine what the leaders basic style is. cardinal contrasting adjectives are used to ask respondents to describe their least-preferred co-worker. If the least preferred co-worker is described in relatively positive terms (a high LPC score), then the respondent is primarily interested in good personal relations with this co-worker. This person is considered relationship oriented. If the least preferred co-worker is pr imarily interested in productivity, they would be labeled task oriented.Fiedler assumes that an individuals leadership style is fixed. Fiedler identified three contingency dimensions that define the key situational factors that determine leadership effectiveness. a) Leader-member relations are the degree of confidence, trust, and respect members have in their leader. b) Task structure is the degree to which the job assignments are procedurized. c) Position power is the degree of influence a leader has over power variables such as hiring, firing, discipline, promotions, and salary increases.The better the leader-member relations, the more highly structured the job, and the stronger the position power, the more control the leader has. With knowledge of an individuals LPC and an assessment of the three contingency variables, Fiedler proposes matching them up to achieve supreme leadership effectiveness. Task-oriented leaders tend to perform better in situations that were very favorable to them and in situations that were very unfavorable. Relationship oriented leaders perform better in moderately favorable situations.Fiedler has suggested recently that task-oriented leaders perform best in situations of high and low control, while relationship-oriented leaders perform best in moderate control situations. There are two ways to improve leader effectiveness. You can change the leader to fit the situation. The second alternative would be to change the situation to fit the leader. This could be done by restructuring tasks or increasing or decreasing the power that the leader has to control factors such as salary increases, promotions, and disciplinary actions. (Challenging Fiedler Contingency Model pp. 92- 394) AACSB Analytic Skills 146. Compare and contrast Hersey and Blanchards situational leadership theory with Houses path-goal theory. Hersey and Blanchards situation leadership theory is a contingency theory that focuses on the followers. Successful leadership is a chieved by selecting the right leadership style, which Hersey and Blanchard argue is contingent on the level of the followers readiness. The emphasis on the followers in leadership effectiveness reflects the reality that it is the followers who accept or reject the leaders.The term readiness refers to the extent to which people have the ability and willingness to accomplish a specific task. SLT says if a follower is unable and unwilling to do a task, the leader needs to give clear and specific directions if followers are unable and willing, the leader needs to display high task orientation to compensate for the followers lack of ability and high relationship orientation to get the follower to buy into the leaders desires if followers are able and unwilling, the leader needs to use a supportive and articipative style and if the employee is both able and willing, the leader doesnt need to do much. Path-goal theory was developed by Robert House. The essence of the theory is that its th e leaders job to assist followers in attaining their goals and to provide the necessary direction and/or support to mark that their goals are compatible with the overall objectives of the group or organization.The term path-goal is derived from the belief that effective leaders clarify the path to help their followers get from where they are to the achievement of their work goals and make the journey along the path easier by reducing roadblocks. House identified four leadership behaviors. The directive leader lets followers know what is expected of them, schedules work to be done, and gives specific guidance as to how to accomplish tasks. The supportive leader is friendly and shows concern for the needs of followers.The participative leader consults with followers and uses their suggestions before making a decision. The achievement-oriented leader sets challenging goals and expects followers to perform at their highest level. House assumes that leaders are flexible and that the sam e leader can display any or all of these behaviors depending on the situation. (Challenging Situational Leadership Theory and Path-Goal Theory pp. 395-396) AACSB Analytic Skills

Diva Momma Gives A Fierce Performance

beyondgs vocal ability and potential, she proven them wrong to do so, when she performed at the Super bowl half- time face with approximately about 12 minutes of booty-shaking, body grinding, hair-tossing and GIRL occasion They were definitely wrong to say so, as not a sensation yawn was let out. No mavin peeped out a record during it as all(prenominal)one was completely entranced by Honey Bees cabinetmaking performance. Everyone at the edge of their seats wondering what song she will sing next.And every single time, she didnt disappoint her fans, not one bit. In fact, she got them even more excited, got them screaming and shouting her lyrics back at her throughout the whole performance. The interpret setting and special effects intertwined in elegance and awe. It was very salubrious organized and clearly was thought through for weeks, even months The lighting was so effective, while adding flavor to Beyondgs performance and still managed to keep the focus on herMy favorite special effect though was when a guitarist (who rocked everyones socks glum by the way) came out of right offhere and had sparks coming out of it, while Beyond was right beside it wowing off the vast variety of pitches she can belt out. Was captivated. Her tackle was very bold and out of this universe. She wore a cropped black leather motorbike jacket and a leather bodysuit made with strips of python and iguana, with some lace. It was like a womans modern warrior outfit.Its already fierce enough as it is, but to vomit up Bye in it? The fierce-meter is about to explode Honey Bee looked rather smashing and wore it as if to remind everyone in the audition that she is one sexy, sexy woman, because, we didnt fuck that already. Her song choices were very clever as they were all well-known which allowed the audience to sing/scream along. It included Crazy in Love End of Time and 3 songs which she sang with her ex-group members Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams.They literally came shooting up out of the underground, and blew everyone away when they performed hit Ladies. Best surprise in Super-Bowl Half-Time Show history. The choreography was unflawed and they showed that Diva is really a female version of a hustler if you know what I mean Although Kelly and Michelle ere on stage with Beyond, Beyond was still everyones focus. No one can ever steal her spotlightSinging Halo as her last song was an epic conclusion. She managed to belt the notes effortlessly, proving herself once again, to be the tycoon of RAN. The show was the sexiest Super Bowl Half Time show since 2004 when Janet capital of Mississippi had a Wardrobe malfunction. Yikes From beginning to end, the singer didnt let motherhood get in the way of delivering an energetic performance that killed And most importantly, she had now silenced her doubters.

Antz – the Bread Factory Marketing Plan

Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila College of Management and Entrepreneurship MARKETING PLAN FOR ANTZ THE carbohydrate factory In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Subject Retail commercialiseing By de Dios, Rizcel B. Dizon, Maralon S. Duhaylungsod, Ram Joseph M. Fabi, Francis Jayvincent P. Gabriel, Aira Migelle Igcasenza, Nestine N. Med totallyo, Renz Harvey M. Parallag, Jemeremiah I. Rivera, Sear Jan L. Professor Angelo Alfonso Abejero March 2012 I. participation Information A. transaction Name of Retail s spring up Antz The scrawl Factory B. Nature of Business Antz The starting line Factory is a self- assistant bakehouse, engaged in oblation newly parched boodles.And last year it launched its bleak-sprung(prenominal) branches with a new duty concept of BAKESHOP ON WHEELS, which is a limited service bakeshop whirl Antzs certified original scrapings. C. Corporate cut across AHD Foods Corporation 2nd Floor Dolmar Gold Tower, 107 C. Palanca St. Legasp i Village Makati 1200, Philippines D. Date/ course of study of Establishment AHD Foods Corporation opened the first store branch of Antz The plunder Factory in February, 2008. E. Number of Branches and Locations Antz The cacography Factory has five run branches 1. SM Sta. Rosa, Laguna ( mall branch, bakeshop with dine-in) 2. SM Hypermart, Las Pinas (mall branch) . Bluewave, Macapagal Ave. , Pasay City (bakeshop on wheels) 4. DLSU, Vito Cruz, Manila (bakeshop on wheels) 5. Pioneer Centre, Mandaluyong City (bakeshop on wheels) II. Environmental and Market Trends A. Socio-economic Changes cole is one of mans earliest foods. Today it is considered a staple food and part of the diet of almost all mountain all over the world. Commercial baking and other industries supporting it became bouffant businesses and now constitute a large slice of the food manufacturing. The industry is spicyly matched qualification it very difficult to start a new bakery, especially in cities.Relate d reading Gardenia Marketing dodgeAn entrepreneur might consider buying an existing business or perspective in a rural bea. One of the degenerateest growing areas in the bakery business is the specialty franchise store, producing boththing from donuts to complete crossroad lines. many bakers are incurring signifi seatt losses because of their inability to adjust excoriation sets because if they summation their prices, it might lead to a drop on sales. Philippine Association of Flour Millers had explained that it takes three months from purchase date for wheat to pop off flour due to shipping time from the United States.The Philippines buys its wheat broadly from the United States, so despite of the downward trend in wheat, flour still increases its price. Consumers perceive that small bakeries tenderise convenience, personal service, and fresher, better lineament products. In general, bakery sales increase when consumers average incomes increase. B. Consumer buying Behav ior Affecting the Business Buying power or purchase power of consumers depends on the changing environment and economic situation. More keen deal prefer to eat out of home (OOH) because of busy working docket and for their convenience.Customers, especially those who are employed, tend to choose and buy ready-to-eat foods that potty play their take on in a quick manner, just desire what is cosmos offered in every bakeshop. Nowa geezerhood, majority of the populace are value maximizers large number deprivation to en for sure that every cent in they pay for the product is worth it low price at the alike(p) time good quality products. in that respect is a high demand for breadstuffs because of its affordability and the satisfaction it launchs to its consumers. On site baking of some bakeshops became an edge because people are feeling for freshly made breads.But there is a buying behavior that cannot be detached to Filipinos, this is impulse buying. People tend to buy pro ducts with appealing looks or promotional material even though they do not intend and platform to buy those items. Offerings that capture the attention of potential buyers can make it to the top. III. belligerent Environment The diagram volition show the different key competitive factors that make a business thrive in the industry and grocery store. It besides shows the evaluation of the strategic groups performance entrap on the key competitive factors. Key competitive FactorsRetail Brands Store Layout/ see Competitive damage Merchandise Offerings Operation Type of Promotion availability of the store Goldilocks blue/yellowvisible menu boards and advertising materials -low price level -organized-easily complaisant merchandise-wide bod of pastries and cakes -mall hours-non-mall based stores, ductile hours MediaTV, Radio, Newspapers, Magazines, InternetNon-MediaFlyers, Billboards Effective progression many operating branches In and out of mallsstores are located in high craft areas ruby Ribbon -red/black-dimmed ight its design provides a romantic and peaceful mood -higher price compared to other bakeshops -easily accessible merchandise-wide variety of pastries and cakes -mall hours-non-mall based stores, flexible hours MediaTV, Newspapers, Magazines, InternetNon-MediaFlyers Effective promotion many operating branches in and out of mallsstores are located in high traffic areas kale Talk -traditional bakeshop-sleek-space age -high priced -40-60 different items daily -mall hours Word of peach many operating branches in mallsstores are located in high traffic areas Antz The saccharide Factory -giant loaf bread store- peculiar storedesign -mid-price level -theatre style-see- through kitchens-enticing design of breads -mall hours-non-mall based stores, flexible hours Media-Magazines-NewspaperNon-Media-Flyers Less promotional effort stores are located in high traffic areas IV. Companys Current Strategies A. brand merchandise The profile of the An tz The simoleons Factory customer consists of the following geographic, demographic, psychographics, and behavior factors geographic The geographic market would be urban d puff upers in key cities in Mega Manila. Demographic The primary quarry customers are those individuals (male and female) who belong to SEC B and C from all ages.Psychographic The psychographic market would be busy, on-the-go. Behavior factors * Looking for savory varieties of breads (savory or sweet in taste) * Want to eat something different from fulsome solid foods * Seeks wellnessier adaptions of quickly served foods * Searching for a bakeshop oblation freshly baked breads B. Positioning * Positioning Statement To urban d nearlyers in key cities in Mega Manila, from all ages from SEC B C, who are constantly busy, and on-the-go looking for delicious varieties of bread, want to eat something different and healthier version of fast foods, and searching for a bakeshop offering freshly baked breads.Antz T he earnings Factory is a (limited service) bakeshop is the Philippines fastest rising bakeshop and fast food that is first to introduce a bakeshop on wheels in Asia with its unique Big lie in wait net income store layout offering unique, heavy, and delicious flavored breads with internal man power composed of highly skilled nutritionists/dieticians, culinary experts, chefs and bakers. * Positioning Strategy Antz The Bread Factory offers a variety of sizeable, tasty, affordable, freshly-baked breads to help our customers find refuge in todays oleaginous fast food. C. Marketing Mix Strategies 1. Product and Merchandise Mix There are varieties of breads offered by Antz The Bread Factory * Loaves * Muffins * Fiesta fuck * clean * enwraps * Ensaimada * ball * Other Breads 2. Pricing LOAVES Loaves charge Choco arse around Php 57. 00 Ube Swirl fuck off Php 57. 00 Monggo mill around Php 57. 00Raisin Loaf Php 49. 00 junkdesal Loaf Php 49. 00 Plain Loaf Php 49. 00 Wheat Brea d Php 49. 00 MUFFINS Muffins Price strawberry mark Muffins Php 30. 00 Choco Pepermint Muffins Php 30. 00 Orange Choco Muffins Php 30. 00 FIESTA back end Fiesta rolls Price Coffee peal Php 26. 00 Choco Bun Php 26. 00 Ube Bun Php 26. 00 FLOSS clean Price Majestic Pork clean Php 40. 00 disconsolate Pork dental floss Php 40. 00 Chicken Floss Php 40. 00 WRAPS wheels Price ham it up Wrap Php 25. 00 Hotdog Wrap Php 25. 00 PIZZA pizza Price Mayon Pork BBQ Php 52. 00 plait Pizza Php 49. 00 Hawaiian Pizza Php 49. 00 Mini Lasagna Php 35. 00 Mini bake Mac Php 29. 00ENSAIMADA Ensaimada Price Plain Ensaimada Php 27. 00 Ubesaimada Php 27. 00 Macasaimada Php 27. 00 CLUSTERS clunks Price Monggo assemble Php 60. 00 Ubesai Cluster Php 60. 00 Plain Ensai Cluster Php 60. 00 Ube Cluster Php 59. 00 OTHER BREADS Other Breads Price husky Bread Php 37. 00 Chicky Bread Php 35. 00 Porky Bread Php 30. 00 Ham Cluster Php 30. 00 Cheesy Cupcake Php 30. 00 tunny Bun Php 27. 00 Cream discontinue Bun Php 26. 00 Garlic Bread Php 20. 00 recur Choco Php 17. 00 Pan de Pandan Php 17. 00 3. Placement Antz The Bread Factory does not only focus on having mall branches. most outlets which are 50-120 sq. eter in commercial space are located at strategic, high foot traffic areas such as central business districts and commercial hubs. 4. Promotion AHD Food Corporation uses both media and non media approaches to advertise and instigate Antz The Bread Factory. Promotions are used to encourage and capture franchisers, at the same time to protest people about their enticing bread offerings. advertizing * fall guy ads newspaper and magazines, tarp * Packaging * Audio-visual materials * Symbols and logos SALES furtherance * Gifts PUBLIC RELATIONS * Sponsorship * Events 5. serve well Strategy a. People Training * Antz The Bread Factory gives its employees Management Development Programs and continuous training to make sure that its employees perform their best. b. Store Layout Antz The bread factory malls located branches have describeively designed dine-in area and spacious counter with hip music and existential services provides our customers anatmosphereof fun and exciting place to shop and dine. * Antz The Bread Factorys bakeshop on wheels branches are designed like a giant loaf of bread with 50-120 sq. m. commercial space. c. aft(prenominal)-sales & Customer benefit Strategy * Antz The Bread Factory offers Delivery services, free bread on next visit of customers or thank you messages on bulk orders. V. Company Analysis A. Threats 1. There are many existing bakeshops in the Philippines making it difficult to start a new bakery especially in cities. 2. Inability to adjust bread prices due to the price hike of the breads main ingredients like flour, sugar. B. Opportunities 1.There is a big demand for bread here in the Philippines because bread serves as their supplemental alternative for rice. 2. Filipinos are fond of sweet foods. 3. There is a large bra cket of target market because bread is for a wide range of age, male or female. C. Strengths 1. Antz The Bread Factory offers products that is unique and can only be found in the store. 2. Our Research and Development team compose of highly train individuals namely nutritionist/dietician, culinary experts, chefs, and bakers. 3. The products are presented theatre style where the kitchens SEE-THROUGH design allows the customer to feel the freshness of each bread being made and served. 4. Branches in bakeshop on wheels have flexible operating hours. 5.The store layout of Antz The Bread Factory bakeshop on wheels is well executed in a big loaf bread design. 6. Antz The Bread Factory has a strong franchise relationship as genus Phallus of the Philippine Franchise Association (PFA). D. Weaknesses 1. Antz The Bread Factory is not well established. The bakeshop is not neatly advertised. 2. We offer a product that is already available in the market. 3. Customers have to travel further to get in our stores because we have fewer branches. 4. The products we offer are not durable and can be easily blemished it is the reason for some leftover. 5. Innovative products can be easily replicated. 6. The operating hours of bakeshop on wheels have no fix operating hours. 7.External employees of Antzs franchises do not provide proper accommodation to the customers. VI. Marketing Objectives * To increase the number of franchised stores by 15. * To introduce new products to the market. * To increase annual sales by 10% per year * To increase the number of customers by 5% per year VII. Proposed Marketing Strategy A. Target Market Our proposed target market would be the same as the catamenia target market of the bon ton which are busy, on-the-go and health conscious individuals, solely this time we provide emphasize as our primary target market are the health conscious individuals and other urban dwellers as the secondary target market. Health conscious individuals- consists of athletes, parents who want to give their children healthy foods, those who want to maintain their physically fitted body and even those who are not physically fit but want to. Other urban dwellers- this segment pertains to all other on-the-go individuals, students, professionals, all community dwellers who want something different from fatty fast foods and seeking healthier version of quickly served foods. B. Positioning Strategy Antz The Bread Factory offers a variety of healthy, tasty, affordable, freshly-baked breads to help our customers find refuge in todays greasy fast food. C. Core Marketing Strategy 1. Product and merchandising mix Loaves Loaf Plain Pandesal Loaf Raisin Loaf Wheat Bread Choco LoafUbe Swirl Loaf Monggo Loaf Muffins Strawberry Muffins Choco Pepermint Muffins Orange Choco Muffins Fiesta Buns Coffee Bun Choco Bun Ube Bun Floss Majestic Pork Floss Spicy Pork Floss Chicken Floss Wraps Ham Wrap Hotdog Wrap Pizza Mayon Pork BBQ Braided Pizza Hawaiian Pizza Min i adust Mac Mini Lasagna Ensaimada Plain Ensaimada Ubesaimada Macasaimada Cluster Monggo Cluster Ube Cluster Plain Ensai Cluster Ubesai Cluster Other Breads Tuna Bun Ham Cluster Double Choco Creamcheese Bun Cheesy Cupcake Garlic Bread Pan de Pandan Beefy Bread Chicky Bread Porky Bread *NEW PRODUCT extraction* Fruit & Veggie BreadsStrawberry glazed Bread Melon glazed Bread pineapple Glazed Bread Banana Glazed Bread Mango Glazed Bread Malunggay Bread Squash Bread carrot Bread *BREADS IN BUNDLE* Antz The Bread Factory pass on to a fault offer breads in bundle. It go away be the assortment of septenary (7) breads and its the customers choice of what bread they put on the bundle. 2. Pricing LOAVES Loaves Price Choco Loaf Php 57. 00 Monggo Loaf Php 57. 00 Ube Swirl Loaf Php 57. 00 Pandesal Loaf Php 49. 00 Rasin Loaf Php 49. 00 Plain Loaf Php 49. 00 Wheat Bread Php 49. 00 MUFFINS Muffins Price Muffins Php 30. 00 Strawberry Muffins Php 30. 00 Choco Pepermint Muffins Php 30. 00Orange Choco Muffins Php 30. 00 FIESTA BUNS Fiesta Buns Price Coffee Bun Php 26. 00 Choco Bun Php 26. 00 Ube Bun Php 26. 00 FLOSS Floss Price Majestic Pork Floss Php 40. 00 Spicy Pork Floss Php 40. 00 Chicken Floss Php 40. 00 WRAPS Wraps Price Ham Wrap Php 25. 00 Hotdog Wrap Php 25. 00 PIZZA Pizza Price Mayon Pork BBQ Php 52. 00 Braided Pizza Php 49. 00 Hawaiian Pizza Php 49. 00 Mini Lasagna Php 35. 00 Mini Baked Mac Php 29. 00 ENSAIMADA Ensaimada Price Plain Ensaimada Php 27. 00 Ubesaimada Php 27. 00 Macasaimada Php 27. 00 CLUSTERS Cluster Price Monggo Cluster Php 60. 00 Ubesai Cluster Php 60. 00Plain Ensai Cluster Php 60. 00 Ube Cluster Php 59. 00 OTHER BREADS Other Breads Price Beefy Bread Php 37. 00 Chicky Bread Php 35. 00 Porky Bread Php 30. 00 Ham Cluster Php 30. 00 Cheesy Cupcake Php 30. 00 Tuna Bun Php 27. 00 Cream Cheese Bun Php 26. 00 Garlic Bread Php 20. 00 Double Choco Php 17. 00 Pan de Pandan Php 17. 00 *NEW PRODUCT LINE* Fruit & Veggie Breads Price Strawberry Glazed Bread Ph p 43. 00 Melon Glazed Bread Php 40. 00 Pineapple Glazed Bread Php 40. 00 Banana Glazed Bread Php 38. 00 Mango Glazed Bread Php 38. 00 Malunggay Bread Php 35. 00 Squash Bread Php 35. 00 Carrot Bread Php 35. 00 *BREAD IN BUNDLES*Bundle pricing involves selling distinct multiple items offer together at a special prize. For Bread in Bundles, we will give ten (10) percent discount for a minimum of seven (7) breads purchase 3. Placement Strategy Since Antz The Bread Factory is a component of the Philippine Franchise Association (PFA) we propose to locate our franchised stores near the base stores to accumulate high traffic and to generate sales. D. Integrated Marketing converse Strategies 1. Creative theme Nowadays people are exposed to greasy and unhealthy food especially those children who are fond of eating fast foods. They choose unhealthy foods over vegetables and harvest-homes that can give positive set up in their body.Fruits and vegetables are packed with essential nutrient s that strengthen the body, heal and relieve damage, ward off sickness and fight diseases. Antz, the provider of fresh and healthy breads is the campaign for the year 2012. Antz will deliver vegetables and fruits infused breads that can satisfy the need of health conscious customers. Antz will not only offer freshly baked breads but also the nutrients that you can acquire from the vegetables and fruits. Vegetable and fruit breads are the newest offering of Antz that can give delicious experiences to a healthy diet. 2. Integrated Communications Program Based on the company analysis, Antz The Bread Factory needs to break its promotional effort to establish the company well in the market.And the following promotional mix will be used to position the company on the bread industry. Advertising * Print Ads (Flyers and posters) The flyers and posters contains the 2012 campaign which is Antz, the provider of fresh and healthy breads. The flyers and posters will be distributed and affi x in high traffic areas and the existing branches of Antz The Bread Factoy. * Audio visual Materials (Jingle and Internet advertising) The jingle will be played in every store branches to capture the attention of the customers. While in the internet advertising, strait visual presentations will be posted on our website and Facebook fanpage to regularly inform the target market about our campaign and new products.Public Relations * Sponsorship (For health oriented events and TV programs) Antz The Bread Factory will sponsorship health relate events and programs to effect a good publicity that will ignite the emotions of the market. * netmail and Telemarketing we will send a personal message through email for the potential prospects, to inform them about new offerings and events that will be held 3. Media Plan ACTIVITY TIME FRAME BUDGET Distribution of flyers and posters all(prenominal) third month Php 960,000. 00 Releasing audio-visual materials End of the year Php 16,000. 00 Sponsoring health-oriented events and TV programs every quarter Php 360,000. 0 Inviting and informing potential prospects through internet either month *applicable for 2 years Total Php 1,336,000. 00 4. After-sales and Customer Service Strategy 1. People * Antz The Bread Factory will provide a service training program that includes one (1) day orientation, three (3) days store management and marketing training, ten (10) days baker mastery, ii (2) days cashier service training. * Antz The Bread Factory will create a proper store dialogue that will surely attract more customers. 2. Store layout and design * Antz The Bread Factory will improve store facade by adding more designs like glass, mirror and lights.We will also add music in the store so the customers will feel more comfortable. We will also create a unique scent to develop a somatic marker to our valued customers. 3. After sales and customer service strategy * Antz The Bread Factory will give loyalty cards to our cu stomers that give discount. * Antz The Bread Factory give free breads for those who buy bulk orders. * Antz The Bread Factory will confab a free delivery for bulk orders. Appendices Appendix A limn of the Veggie and Fruit Breads Appendix B Side view insinuate of the proposed packaging Appendix C Top view sketch of the proposed packaging Appendix D Front view sketch of the proposed packaging