Reality TV Shouldn’t be a Reality Essay Example for Free

Reality TV Shouldnt be a Reality judgeWhen you turn on a television system today, truth TV litters the media. This is what our generation idolizes. But is it appropriate? Is this what we should be watching? When I see adults making fleeceable and stupid decisions, I can only say, No. So I purpose that we ban the brain-melting reality TV material.Most reality TV shows, interchangeable Jersey Shore, is just a brain-numbing wreck that most children, teens, and even adults get sucked into. All this is doing is glamorizing bad decisions, stupidity, and bad behavior. Teens and kids want to be like these people, just now is this how you want them to be? Of course not So why allow children and teens watch reality television?Aside from the horrifying incompetence, reality television is a complete waste of time. Children and teens waste hours of watching reality television. Stupid dialogue and inappropriate behavior is no reason to waste hours of their lives They could be doing more substantial things than to watch reality TV. By allowing them to watch reality television, parents are giving children the right to follow these reality TV stars horrible example and waste out their lives.Another reason we should stop reality television is that it could disrupt our community. Instead of going outside and being active, a lot of people prefer to plosive inside to watch reality television. Instead of filming documentaries that can inspire and prosper, filming crews work with degenerates that pollute our minds. And instead of living a good, clean, and meaningful life, the reality TV stars spend their lifes acting foolish and immoral. Unfortunately, this is a normal truth of our society, though I believe it shouldnt be. Reality television shouldnt be the center of our attention.So as you can see, reality TV should be banned form our society for multiple reasons, including that it glorifies and promotes bad behavior, is a wasteof time, and that it could disrupt our co mmunity. There has to be a better way to use our time, money, and lifes.

Putting An End To Worship Wars Essay Example for Free

Putting An End To Worship Wars EssayThere are galore(postnominal) different kinds of worship styles because there are different kinds of people with different kinds of personalities. America is made up of different races and religion therefore we worship graven image differently. God created mankind in His image and His likeness to worship Him in spirit and truth. We must Worship God according to the principles of Scriptures so that He is magnified, laud and exalted. It does not matter that we express our worship differently. What does matter is that we worship God with all our hearts and inner being. We as the church, the body of Christ must identify to except the difference in worship, if the worship is legitimate and stop trying to force our way of worship on other members of the body of Christ.America is the that nation that has different worship styles in the churches. The change in worship is because of culture changes such as the Internet, computerized television scr eens, and the Interstate freeway. American no yearlong chooses a church by denomination or church doctrine but by worship avail and gift gravitation.Research revealed that churches were growing because of renewal, revival, and ardour not from outreach programs. The excitement of worship produced growth.Worship service are different because of cultural difference, different weird gifts and because the commands and principles of Scripture are applied differently.Worship wars wipe out split churches, caused Pastors to be replaced, caused members to leave, and caused drops in church growth.The Evangelistic church exists to accomplish evangelism, which is communicating the gospel in the power of the Holy Spirit.The Bible Expositional Church exists to meet believers for the work of the ministry through the systematic expositional preaching and teaching of Scriptures.The Renewal Church exists to worship God the Pastor is often the worship leader. Worship is the focus of the service a nd exhortation is the spiritual gift.The Body Life Church purpose and mission is the context of fellowship. The focus is on the cell group and corporate gatherings of believers therefore their chroma is small group ministries.The Liturgical Church exist to serve God with praise and worship and to service other in the name of God. Its strength is their engagement in society causing leaders to emerge.The Congregational Church is a church of balance. They have no single spiritual gift and are describe as a single cell churches. Their strength is balance in ministry.These six paradigms mean that Christians worship differently because we are different. We have different spiritual gifts, different callings, different personalities, different background and different doctrine.In the future of worship there get out be more of a yearning for God, thirst for worship, and worship will be more spontaneous. The Holy Spirit will inspire, and release whole hearted worship in people of all expr essions. Worship will become more of a celebration causing the atmospheric presence of God to be felt in worship.The Impact and Implementation of this Book in My Own LifeThe knowledge that I received from this book has help me to understand the different worship styles. I have a greater obligingness for them because I understand that they are worshipping God in their own way. It also help me to understand why I worship the way I do. I am what we call a radical worshipper. I love Worshipping God and I love when others people worship God. I can fit anyways as long as I can worship God.

Analysis Of Celcom Axiata Investment In Tune Talk Marketing Essay

Analysis Of Celcom Axiata Investment In argument spill Marketing EssayCelcom Axiata is a member of Axiata root word is facing tough competition against the other major telecom rivals. Having coined as malay telco provider that is, Celcom Axiata has weak penetration into some major markets and the system to overcome this is by appointing the nomadic Virtual Network Operators (MVNO) to penet point into the identified markets using their own brand, look and feel.Celcom Axiata note model for straining verbalize MVNO is by having 35% stakes in the company. After over 11 months in operation, Celcom Axiata is reviewing its position in this company whether to remain its stake, adjoin its sh areholding or pullout. antecedent to fashioning any finis with its enthronisation, Celcom Axiata necessarily to evaluate the existing rail line colloquy financial standing and its capability to provide the required return on investment as well as its ability to handle the issues at hands especially those concerning the money flows.IntroductionCelcom Axiata is i of the 4 major mobile telecommunication companies in Malaysia. As at 31st March 2010, Celcom Axiata was ranked as second largest mobile telecommunication company behind Maxis, and ahead of Digi and U wandering respectively. Celcom Axiata is a member of Axiata Group of companies who manage a group of Mobile Telecommunications in the Asia region. Axiata Group was previously known as TM International and crash of TM (Telekom Malaysia) Group. The process of de-merger within TM Group saw the birth of Axiata Group, meant to focus on mobile telecommunications arm of the corporation within the region whilst TM track to maintain its fixed lines communication channel as well as broadband provider.According to the first quarter financial report, Celcom Axiata continue to show doubling digit growth on a YoY basis in all key indicators. Revenue was up 15% whilst Earning Before Interest Tax dispraise and Amortizatio n (EBITDA) increased by 16%. In tandem, Profit After Tax (PAT) was up 24% in the same period.On a QoQ basis, Celcom wield to show positive per lineance. Despite coming off anexceptional 4Q09, which recorded the racyest ever quarterly growth, revenue growth wasmarginal, but still up by 0.2%. Continued focus on tolls saw EBITDA up by 2% with margins improving by 0.7 percentage points QoQ to 45.4%. PAT showed a robust increase of 7% to RM441 million (Celcom Axiata media release, 27th May 2010).Celcom Axiata has been aggressively expanding its network and coverage to cater for the increasing demand by the customers. Despite its continuous efforts to penet prise into the versatile segments in this country, Celcom Axiata still lagging in some of key markets such as the Chinese market segment, immigrant market segment and student market or low income earners segment. These markets are predominantly controlled by Maxis and Digi and leave behind be the key success factor for Celcom Axi ata to capture in order to become the number one mobile telecommunication provider in this country.One of the strategy to penetrate into these segments as single out by Celcom Axiata is by port of having a Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO) approach. MVNO means Celcom Axiata will appoint a third party to run the mobile business using their own brand, leverage on their own strength such as networking, alley of distribution, market and customer service. By doing this, Celcom Axiata can reduce its financial consign on the go-to-market exist which in turn will be born by the MVNO partners themselves.To date there are four MVNOs appointed and launched by Celcom whereby each of them is demoten antithetical market segment to penetrate and capture. Each MVNO is treated as separate entity from Celcom Axiata where the respective MVNOs have full control over their own operations and counseling of the companies except for aura talk Sdn Bhd where Celcom Axiata has 35% share of the company.Being different business model from other MVNOs, tune mouth Sdn Bhd is seen as another Celcom Axiata phrase venture company. Tune Talk is owned by the following shareholders as shown in figure 1 below Tune Ventures (owned by Datuk Seri Tony Fernandes and Datuk Kamarudin Meranun)Individuals shareholders are Datuk Seri Kalimullah Masheerul Hassan, Lim Kian Onn, Jason Lo (the chief operating officer of Tune Talk), Gurtaj Singh (the COO of Tune Talk) and Mark Lankaster (the CEO of Tune Hotels)Celcom decision to have its stake in Tune Talk is to ensure it has some form of control as one the major shareholder. Although Tune Talk caution will have the control over the management of the company but the shareholders will have their voice heard during the monthly board exco meeting. Having acquainted by 2 unchanging exco members from Celcom, it can ensure that Tune Talk business plan and strategies are in line with its goal to become one of the top mobile service provider in t his country.The SituationTune Talk is approach shot its first anniversary on the coming 19th August 2010. Celcom need to assess its investment and evaluate whether Tune Talk business is moving to the proper direction and hence generate the desired dividends to shareholders.In order to achieve the target, Celcom needs to keep track of Tune Talk managements way of running the business. The permanent exco members sitting in the boardroom must(prenominal) be able to drill down to the bottom line and analyze their way of expending their fund.This is in truth grievous to Celcom as the major shareholder in Tune Talk so it can decide on the next course of actions such as to interfere more fund into Tune Talk, or to remain its position without adding anymore cash or worst case decide to pull out from the pack.Prior to such decision, Celcom needs to gather as lots information as possible with regards to Tune Talk financial position, business directions, marketing strategies and other co mmercial matters which will be the key determination factors.Based from the previous exco meeting it was learned that Tune Talk is facing difficulties to move forward with its business plans and marketing strategies due to shortage of cash flow. Tune Talk Chief Financial policeman (CFO) during his presentation to the board of directors highlighted the following scenarios a. Increase in Managed Services beTune Talk adopted the managed services concept to deploy and maintain the Intelligent Network (IN) billing system, network related infrastructure namely mindless Message Services Centre (SMSC), Home Location Register (HLR) and other Value Added Services (VAS).Managed services concept is a new trend in telecommunication and information technology (IT) business whereby the customers or business operators do not buy outright the related systems but pay to the supplier or provider on usage base. This method saves the company from spending an upfront purchase of an asset, hence reduce the cash outflow. Managed services can help a particular company to avoid from having to allocate depreciation price which may impact the company balance sheet.In the case of Tune Talk the burden they are facing now is due to the increase in the amount to be spent on this managed services. The deal they are having right now is based on the number of subscribers using the system, the higher the number of subscribers the higher the managed services cost to be incurred. The amount will grow in tandem with the inhalant of new subscribers where the intermediate cost per subscriber remain unchanged. Unlike buying own fixed asset, the average cost will tend to reduce as the number of new subscribers grow until it reaches the economic of scales.Increase in Channel and Distribution CostIn Malaysia, all the mobile operators are highly hooklike to the normal traditional channel ie. mobilephone dealers to sell its SIM waggle and recharge vouchers.Being too dependant to this type of distri bution channel will increase the companys cost of sales whereby for every sales of SIM tease or recharge voucher the company needs to allocate some amount of percentage as an incentive for them to push button its products over the competitors.Traditionally, in mobile telecommunication business the channel of distribution consist of 3 layers distributorsmaster dealersordinary dealersNormally only a handful of distributors are being appointed to distribute to the master dealers whom will then sell it finished the ordinary dealers. Each of these channels will keep a small percentage as their incentive from the retail price.Operators are ordinarily stuck with this channel cost which they cannot run away with in order to push their products to the customers.On average an operator will have to spend not less than 10% from its retail price being part of the channel cost. assignation for Marketing CostAs a new mobile operator in Malaysia competing against the other 4 major mobile telec ommunications service providers Tune Talk is facing a tough time to introduce its brand to the market.According to Nielsen Co Malaysia 2009 report (a research company), the telecommunication companies are among the highest contributor to the total advert expenditure in Malaysia with Celcom leading the pack at RM 115.8 million, followed by Telekom Malaysia at RM 94.3 million, Maxis with RM 89.7 million and Digi for RM 87.1 million (see Figure 2 below). Newspaper and TV advertisement represent the top 2 categories for advertising followed by Radio, Magazine and Outdoor.To date Tune Talk had already spent RM 2 million in their advertising cost through billboards, newspaper, TV and radio advertisements. This amount is rather very small compare to the amount spent by the big giants and it may not give the required exposure that Tune Talk expected to create its brand awareness to the market place.Based from the report and dip stick survey conducted by Tune Talk marketing department their brand index is still very low and they would require more fund to be pumped in for this purpose.Slow Moving of Customer Recharge ActivitiesTune Talk is only selling prepaid mobile and it main source of income is by selling the SIM card and recharge vouchers. As far as Tune Talk is concern the revenue generated from these sales are considered as their income (based on the generally Accepted be Principle).This is due to the fact the income will be reported when it is earned (Ross, Westerfiled, Jaffe, Corporate Finance, 7th edition). The good thing about prepaid business is the transactions are in cash terms. This means Tune Talk will get to record the transaction into its book as and when the SIM cards or vouchers are interchange to the distributors.In accounting, the revenue from sales of SIM cards and recharge vouchers will only be realized upon usage and not upon sales. Nonetheless, as far as Tune Talk income is concerned it has already acquired the specie from the distributor and realized in its book as income as per GAAP.As a rippling effect to omit of awareness of its brand in the market place, Tune Talk sales of SIM cards and recharge vouchers are moving rather at a very slow pace. Table 1 below is example of the average sales and projected 1st year revenue from SIM cards and recharge vouchers Table 1ItemsAverage Monthly RevenueProjected 1st Year RevenueSIM CardsRM 500,000RM 6,000,000Recharge VouchersRM 900,000RM 10,800,000TotalRM 1,400,000RM 16,800,000This figure is far cry from the original cipher that Tune Talk has to make which is RM 36.0 million for its first year operation and increase to RM 50.0 million and RM 72.0 million in year 2 and 3 respectively. high school Customer Turnover or Attrition RateIt is common in the prepaid business industry that users tend to move or hope just about from one operator to another operator to find for better offer and cheaper cost. Tune Talk is too affected by this game by the customers whereby the rate of customers churning out or leaving for another brand keep on increasing on month-on-month basis.Malaysian prepaid business industry rate of customers staying in a particular operator (industry language is length of stay) is in average of 6 months. as yet in the case of Tune Talk its customers average length of stay is a mere 3 months which is about half of the industry average.The impact of this short stay will cause a high acquisition cost to Tune Talk whereby its cash flow will be badly affected. In order to stay healthy, Tune Talk needs more than 3 months for each customer with average usage of RM 30 per month to recover its upfront acquisition cost such as the channel incentive, marketing cost and the other variable costs.Shortage of CashTune Talk put downed off its business with RM 7.5 million worth of shares with 35% own by Celcom whilst the remainder are by several other individuals. After 11 months of operations, Tune Talk is now facing with the most critical moment in its business where their cash flow is deteriorating. Despite being a lean and mean in expenditure and had not spent any bills on fixed asset, Tune Talk still face the cash flow difficulty.An area that has badly affected Tune Talk cash flow is the channel incentive and the wholesale airtime rates that it has to pay back to Celcom. With intense competition Tune Talk needs to set its incentive on par or slightly better than the competition in order to get the channel attention and support.On the other hand, the prepaid business market is competing on the shout out rates to be offered to the end users in order to beat the others. Since Tune Talk is buying its airtime from Celcom at fixed rate, the competition which had forced Tune Talk to also lower down its selling rate to the end users had cause Tune Talk margin to shrink and became smaller. The result is, the income collected from the sales of SIM cards and recharge vouchers will have to be spent largely to incentive and wholesale airt ime to Celcom, leaving only peanuts to Tune Talk to be used to re-generate its business. It is also better for Tune Talk to maintain a level of working capital that allows it to make it through those crunch times and continue to operate the business within tight budget (Cater McNamara, Authenticity Consulting LLC).ActionCelcom Axiata really need to review its investment in Tune Talk Sdn Bhd by looking at the present situation and its potential. It is a known fact that every new business need some times to be able to stabilize and start to show positive result out of its investment.As far as telecommunication industry is concerned, a minimum of 3 years is required in order for a particular mobile operator to have a strong foothold and have substantial subscriber base to be relevant.The question here is whether Tune Talk strategies are gearing towards the right direction which will guarantee to bear fruits at the end of 3 years? How much will investor need to pump in to ensure that T une Talk can still survive until the 3rd year ?It is imperative that Celcom Axiata representatives in the Tune Talk board of directors to insist Tune Talk management to review their existing business models which had obviously affected their cash flows. Serious attention must be given by Tune Talk management to revisit its dependency on the existing channel which will become its biggest threat in trying to minimize its cash out flows.Tune Talk management also needs to re-negotiate with its managed services provider to review the charges being imposed to Tune Talk for every new subscribers added into the system. The charges should be on decreasing trend as more customers being added.Tune Talk may also indirect request to consider finding new manage service provider should the negotiation come to a dead end. This is important in managing Tune Talk spending over the long run.Prior to Celcom Axiata to make any decision with its investment, it needs to analyze Tune Talk financial condit ion. It is advisable for Celcom Axiata to scrutinize the Tune Talk financial management and ensure that all the monies are well spent and efficiently managed to protect its interest. Celcom Axiata finance manager needs to advice the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of the real condition of Tune Talk by analyzing its financial statement cash flows.Having spent for over RM 2.6 million and holding 35% of Tune Talk shares, Celcom Axiata has the responsibility to report to its board of directors on the progress of its investment. The Celcom Axiata board of directors must be very interested to know whether the management of Celcom Axiata has made the right decision by investing in Tune Talk. One thing interesting in this business model ie MVNO is because the airtime being sold by Tune Talk (in this case the MVNO) is using Celcom network infrastructure. This means even though Tune Talk does not make huge profit and may not be able to provide the required rate of return in terms of dividends t o the shareholders but as far as Celcom Axiata is concerned, it still make money from the airtime sold. Thus, board of directors of Celcom Axiata may well be pleased by the increase in Celcom Axiata revenue alone rather than going down to the details of earning through the Tune Talk dividends.Another area that needs special attention is to assess the existing Tune Talk management team style and business competencies. This industry is regarded as highly competitive and it takes excellent team to be able to compete with the big boys (as being referred to the seasoned mobile operators). Celcom Axiata representatives in the Tune Talk exco members must be able to provide information to the Celcom Axiata management whether there is an existence of conflict of interest in the Tune Talk management team. Although according to Vishny and Robert W, NBER Reporter, September 1989 said that the standard and ideally corporation allows management to have 5% of shares. This can be ascertained by jud ging into their way of running the business, their seriousness in fulfilling the required tasks as outlined in the business plans, their priorities in spending and handling the cash flows.ConclusionIt is probably wrong for Celcom Axiata to make decision to pull out from this pack by merely basing on the first 11 or 12 months Tune Talk operation. However any decision to increase its capital in Tune Talk either by buying more shares or by pumping more money to support Tune Talk operations must be done with great detail analysis. It is not advisable for Celcom Axiata to simply inject more cash to Tune Talk without seeing any progress or improvement on some of the area of concern which have been highlighted in previous pages.The major issues that need to be really scrutinize by Celcom Axiata financial manager is on the cash flow management. The action items highlighted in previous pages suggested Tune Talk to improve the way it runs its business which will eventually give a positive im pact to its cash flow.It is said that high risk will normally generate high rate of return, but having said that, the save decision at the moment is for Celcom Axiata to remain its position without adding more cash but to continue to monitor Tune Talk progress and improvement. After all, Celcom Axiata is the one who makes more money from anyone else in the pack which is through the sales of wholesale airtime.This investment although had not been able to generate dividends to Celcom Axiata but somehow has managed to complement the weak area that cannot be penetrated by Celcom Axiata using its own brand.

Causes of Different Country Rates of Development

Causes of Different Country Rates of DevelopmentKaitlyn KanalyGuns, Germs, and SteelSummaryIn Guns, Germs, and Steel, Jargond infield is trying to answer his friend, Yalis, question. Yali asked ball field in tonic Guinea, Why is it that you white people developed so much cargo, but we black people had little cargo of our experience? (Diamond, 1998, p. 14). Yali was referring to all of the different advantages plastered societies had that resulted in prosperous macrocosms, while others failed. Diamond centers Guns, Germs, and Steel around answering Yalis question. Throughout the semester, we were set out to define the big idea of each chapter individually. The first half of this newss big idea is to show how food production, domesticating plants and animals, and most importantly, how geography itself are the main component parts that determined which societies became more(prenominal) right than a nonher. Diamond supports his thesis through evidence that he reveals in each cha pter.Diamonds search for an answer to Yalis question started off by looking at the biology of when and how the first humans evolved. Then, he concentrated on more specific societies to further support his research. During his research, Diamond still could non explain wherefore Eurasia became the most advanced continent even though Africa had a head start. What Diamond came to find out, however, is that a fiat is not roaring because of the color of ones skin or how intelligent one may or may not be, but it is the geography that allows a society to either flourish or diminish.To further defend his geographic explanation, Diamond suggests that the events that took place on the Chatham Islands was, in fact, due to a geographic stand appoint of the Maori and Moriori people. The technologically advanced Maori society successfully conquered the considerably weaker Moriori society. Further justifying this explanation, he points out that race could not leave been a factor betwixt thes e twain groups because the two cultures had come from the same origin and were just separated within an unmindful time frame. Diamond also looked at factors, other than genetics, that determined the differences between the two societies. He then concluded that the Moriori were unable to provide an abundance of food due to the cold climate. The lack of food put the Moriori at a disadvantage because their society was significantly weaker than the Maoris. Aside from the production of food, the Maori people were advanced in other areas that were not possible for the Moriori because of their geographic spot. Because the Moriori were isolated on an island, they did not have the means for communication with other people, and technological ideas were unable to spread to their society. Thus, only the Maori people were rich in food production, technology, and communication because of their geographic location. geography also has had a major effect in which parts of the world developed food production over others. Areas such as deserts or high mountains are simply not suited for agriculture, while others may support some crops, but not others. Another factor is that thither are only a limited number of plants suitable for domestication. fit in to Diamond, being able to successfully produce food was the start for societies to also develop of guns, germs, and steel. in that respect are a few components that influenced the adoption of food production the decline in wild foods, an increase in plants, the development of technology, and change in population density. With less wild food available, people did not have much of a choice but to grow their own. Technology also allowed food to be produced at a quick pace. Acquiring an abundance of food meant that societies could reach a higher population density that would, in turn, lead to many more advantages. People were able to settle in one place because of farming, which allowed more complex and advanced food production. T hese more densely populated societies were able to micturate technology, invent writing, and became immune to epidemic diseases. All three of these remarkable factors is what Diamond found to be the reasons why one society was able to conquer another. Still, there were additional factors that Diamond set out to examine.Animals also played a key role in certain parts of the world developing speedy than others the distribution of animals around the world was also a result of geography. Eurasia was home to the most domesticated mammals, which put the people there at an advantage. These domesticated animals not only helped as an additional food source, but also provided many other services for societies. Farming was completed much easier and at a quicker pace because animals were able to pull plows and also serve as fertilizer. Animal fur was used to keep warm, and the bones were converted into various handy tools.Diamond also analyzed the way plants, food, and ideas were able to spr ead from continent to continent. Food production spreads most easily if one is moving east to west, because plants and animals didnt have to adapt to a drastic change like you would going north and south, as the climate will be either the same or connatural going east or west as opposed to north and south. For example, because Eurasia is spread further east and west, it was almost effortless to haul crops and animals from one location to another, which made Eurasia more successful and subsequently advanced than other parts of the world.In conclusion, there are many reasons why certain societies prospered compared to others and it all boils tidy sum to the geography of the land. Diamond proves that beneficial aspects of geography allows societies to effortlessly grow food than others. On the other hand, there are also geographical explanations as to why food production failed in some parts of the world. Diamond confidently insists that it does not matter who is smarter than who, bu t rather, that the most prosperous society was blessed by the more dominant environment. In essence, those who lived in more fertile areas had a much greater chance of success.ReflectionI strongly believe that Diamond does an amazing job at dissecting how and why certain continents prevailed over others. He manages to go into detail, but not too much detail that would confuse his readers. I like the fact that he keeps his findings slightly broad because it makes the story line easier to follow. The way he presents how geography plays such a major role in history is extremely powerful and intriguing.There are many critics, however, who do not agree with Diamonds message that geography is the ultimate factor for advanced continents, rather than racial or intelligence reasons. For example, York and Mancus are more concerned with the social aspects that contributed to the rise of certain continents over others. As quoted from the Human environmental science ReviewHis position would be strengthened if he more fully recognized that different types of societies have different internal dynamics, and that each era has its own particular processes and contradictions (York Mancus, 2007, p. 160).I think that this is too critical of an opinion for Diamonds work. I do not think that Diamond intended his countersign to be overly specific, but rather a more broad, overall explanation of how and why the world evolved the way it did.Another critic focuses on the chapter in Diamonds book where latitude is discussed. James Blaut, a geography professor, suggests that Diamond supplies hardly an explanation of the development and westward spread of technology and food. According to The Geographical ReviewHis description fails to mention that diffusion eastward and southward from the Near East via the Indian Ocean, and southward from china through the South China Sea, was as important and as easy, as was diffusion west-ward (Blaut, 1999, p. 400).I agree with this critic that Diam ond should have explored all options for the spread of technology and food beforehand he had stated that east-west movement was the easiest way to do it successfully. However, I do not recall Diamond saying that east-west diffusion was the one and only way.Although there are critics that do not fully agree with everything that Diamond has found in his research in Guns, Germs, and Steel, I think that this book is exceptionally educational. The book has an outstanding story line that is easy to follow and is packed with intriguing information that truly gets you thinking. I cant wait to finish the placidity of the book to see what else Diamond has to say about the establishment of our world.SourcesBlaut, J. M. (1999). ENVIRONMENTALISM AND EUROCENTRISM.Geographical Review,89(3), 391.Diamond, J. (1998).Guns, Germs, and Steel. New York W.W. Norton Company.York, R., Mancus, P. (2007). Human Ecology Review. Diamond in the Rough Reflections on Guns, Germs, Steel, 14(2). http/www.humane cologyreview.org/pastissues/her142/yorkandmancus.pdf

Is Human Security Better Than State Centric Security?

Is tender-hearted hostage Better Than State Centric trade protection?Along with the end of the iciness War, the spread of sphericisation, and the stiff development, the human being is facing modern ch totallyenges and threats endangering recites as well as people all over the world. Those new problems expect effective counteractions. Two approaches scum bag be distinguished, which be particularly meaningful in a context of globose gage system, Human Security, and state-centric approaches, such as realism, neo-realism, or Strategic Studies. They differ not unless because of the subject of their focus, and hence the manner of protection, but too because definition of security they draw and methods of achievement of that security. New threats endanger people internationally, therefore Human Security, which is think on the providing the security of people, not states in the first line, seems to offer better way of transaction with these non-traditional problems. Howeve r, is the Human Security sufficient? Both approaches, like whatsoever otherwise theories, comprise positive and negative aspects. In order to estimate which of these deuce approaches offer a better way of traffic with non-traditional new global security problems, first the definition of security will be explained, in context of both(prenominal) theories, to assess an impact of diverse conceptions of security on the specifying threats and methods of traffic with them. Next, and there will be assessed an importance of non-traditional new global security problems, in the scope of states and military personnel security, and threats and difficulties associated with them will be clarified as well. Furthermore, both conceptions will be characterised, including examination of manner they offer to challenge the new threats, and to provide security, additionally effectiveness of their models will be estimated. Finally, devil lores will be compared, emphasising the most colliding issues between them, and all arguments will be put together and summarised in ending statement.Diverse dimension of securityPrimary issue, whilst discussing the different perception of the global security problems, appears to be understanding of the security concept. Recognition of threats and methods we use to challenge them depend on the way we define security. We can distinguish two potential objects of security, states and human beings.The former conception is strictly associated with realism, which favour protection of state as the highest authority, tally to King and The traditional count of security has centre on using the military to ensure the territorial integrity of sovereign states.1Realists argue that the main goal of states is assurance of their survival, regardless of citizens well-being. Military potential is according to realism a guarantor of states existence, and consequently, therefore realists claim that the best method to obtain the highest level of security is ma ximization of states unilateral military capabilities.2However, there is in each case other side of this idea, because such states struggle to the maximization of military power and inter subject field hegemonic position, as Richard Ullman argues in the long run can only affix a global insecurity,3therefore realist definition of security seems to have positive as well as negative aspects. Such model on the cardinal hand offers a way to protect states, but on the other hand put it in danger.The latter concept, Human Security theory, draws a view that the individuals are of primary importance. For that reason they turn their attention towards the international rather than national security. Subsequently, because of its wider and more global character, it establishes different risks, not only military, but also environmental, brotherly, and economical, proposing different methods of protection. However, there is also another interesting aspect, even though people are aware of the different kinds of threats and their crucial impact on their lives they valuate defence from violence more than from any other risks. The outcome of the enquiry conducted in 2005 in Afghanistan justifies that fact. Accordingly, 37% of questi oneness(a)d said that violence is the biggest danger facing their country, whilst 29% sustained that they are economic problems, such as poverty or unemployment.4Subsequently, people appreciate their physical safety more than a good judicial admission of a country, and believe that violation of human rights is the major threat resulting in more others difficulties.To sum up, the essential aspect in counter measuring of a particular threat is first its recognition, because in order to deal with approximatelything we need to be aware that it is a threat to our security. The effectiveness is determined by the bound that particular threat endangers our security. Here arises the question, how those distinct perceptions of threat and security a ffect attitude of both approaches to non-traditional threats?Non-traditional new global security problemsWe cannot decide of the predominance of one theory over another without explaining types and meaning of non-traditional security problems. New threats are of diverse nature, for example environmental threats, spreading of diseases, grooving population, poverty, intercontinental crime, threats associated with new technology, or acts of terrorism, and for that reason there are so hard to be challenged. What makes them even more problematic is their interconnectedness, usually one issue is correlated with another one or even causes another problems. They, therefore, need bodied response, which obviously in anarchical model of self-interested states created by realists is difficult to obtain.Non-traditional threats often cause as many harms as traditionally defined dangers, such as war. This assumption is illustrated by the following example AIDS is a direct threat to human security because it kills an estimated three million people every year.5Health issues concern not only developing countries, as it is generally believed. Stefan Elbe claims that because of the number of military subroutines all over the world, and highly developed tourist industry, the diseases spread very fast all over the world. Furthermore, there are also economic consequences, necessity of transposition of infected stationed soldiers equals additional costs, and likewise those soldiers create a risk for the population of their national states. Such situation took place in Sierra Leone, during peacekeeping operation number of people infected by HIV/AIDS increased in that region.6Another worth noting issue is environmental threat. Thomas Homer-Dixon argues that environmental scarcities are already contributing to violent conflicts in many parts of the world.7There is strict correlation between water and land exploitation and ethnic and national conflicts. Scarcity of resources resulting from devastating environmental occurrences such as global warming, acid rains, or deforestation, in result constrains people to migration, fighting for other sources of resources, or worsens states economic and social situation.Some of non-traditional threats are of greater military context, such as terrorism, arm trade, or militarization of children, other are less, such as poverty, health insecurity, or violation of human rights. What is certain, however, all of these threats are of the significant importance in terms of global security, both of people and states. Notwithstanding, difficulties in confronting those non-traditional threats derive from interrelationship and global dimension of those issues. Non-traditional threats can very fast, if ignored, transformed into traditional ones. Which of the given approaches then offer a better way of dealing with new threats to global security?State-centric security approaches in an era of new threats rootage, there will be discussed the case of state-centric approaches, which at the first sight sacrifice very gnomish attention to non-traditional threats. According to main theory in that scope, realism, major actor on the political arena is a state, and it is a state that should be protect and secured. Subsequently, the primary, if not only, danger for state is military invasion of other state therefore the chief sports stadium of state-centric considerations is war and peace. Correspondingly to that conception, the only provider of security is state, and as long as the external security of state is achieved, the state is in stable and safe position. Accordingly, protect the state from military threats has the effect of protecting its people,8what indicates that state-centric approaches do not completely ignore the safety of people, although they believe that safety can only be attained through military actions.Realism and other state-centric approaches offer several(prenominal) useful ways though with deal ing with non-traditional threats, even though some argue that they do not even recognise domestic help insecurity as a threat.9Realism focuses on the national security. War, as Amitav Acharya argues, frequently endangers people by causing physical violence, but also undermines inner situation of the state, triggers malnutrition, migration of refugees, maximises the probability of pandemic, and negatively affects economic and industrial development of a certain state,10to name only few destructive features of military conflicts. For that reason, preventing wars consequently provides, to some extent, security against non-traditional threats which would result from a military conflict. Moreover, considering national security as a primary value affects the unspoiledness in deliberation any threats that in some way put that national security at risk.Nevertheless, not every arising problem might be resolved militarily. Furthermore, state-centric approaches apparently omit a lot of ser ious aspects of global security, we may even say that they are very monothematic in a context of security. One of the major omissions is a role of a state as the threat for its own citizens, not always protector. Enquiry held by Amnesty International greatly exemplifies such argument In 1993 annual newspaper publisher of Amnesty International spoke of human rights violations on a terrifying scale, recording violations in 161 states.11States interest are, in a context of that particular theory, several(a) of the interest and well-being of its inhabitants, Alan Collins even claims that a state exists somewhat apart from society,12as a result it is unsafe to sustain that state should be the highest and only provider of law and security, and ought to have unconditional sovereignty. Another weakness of state-centric approach is its static character. It ignores possibility of collective actions in order to increase states and human security, as it does not recognise non-traditional thre ats as a serious danger. Richard Ullman claims that such manner, staying focusing only on the one aspect of a threat, reduces their total security.13Overall, state-centric approaches, although they found some valuable techniques of providing security, tend fail to provide reasonable method of dealing with non-traditional threats, as most of these threats are concerned with human, not state, security.Human Security in a struggle to assure global securityThe most beneficial factor of Human Security approach in dealing with non-traditional threats is its area of focus. It places human beings in the centre of considerations. Therefore, scholars of that particular theory very broadly define security and distinguish numerous variants of security violation. The Report of the Commission on Human Security defines Human Security as to protect the vital core of all human freedoms and human fulfilment.14Human Development Report sort out seven areas of human security economic, food, health, en vironmental, personal, community and political security.15Why then Human Security seems to offer a better way of dealing with non-traditional threats?First of all, because it admits that those threats are of significant importance. Most of new threats are of a global not state dimension. Therefore, while attempting to assure of security of all the individuals around the world it is aware of necessity of involvement multiple actors in challenging those dangers, such as NGOs, civil society, intergovernmental organisations, international institutions, single individuals, and many others.16Furthermore, it offers numerous methods of dealing and preventing threats. To these methods we can include, for instance, world supporting programs, such as Millennium Development Goals, sanctions in case of any violations, humanitarian interventions, peacekeeping operations, implementation of international rules and laws, and setting up institutions that enforce abidance of those laws, because respec ting human rights are at the core of protecting human security.17Human Security approach values more the prevention of conflict, ensuring economic, social and political stability, than the military actions when the military dispute already begins. It comprehends the crucial meaning of development, innovations, and personal well-being. Additionally Human Security is seriously judged by states, for instance japan and Canada included human security principles in their foreign affairs programs. Human Security is also the leading policy of the UN programs, and had its contribution in the establishment of geneva Convention, Responsibility to Protect Report, the Ottawa Treaty.18However, although Human Security approach appears to offer very successful way of dealing with new global threats it has also some defects. One of its failures is that it ignores external military threats,19because it provides the security of people not states, it does not pay much attention to the relations between states. Next, it is difficult to find any effective method of dealing with non-traditional threats whilst we grant everything an importance, as Yuen Khong claims making everything a priority renders nothing a priority,20therefore we have already plurality of non-traditional threats, and it would be hard to challenge them if we grant everything an equal status. For that reason, some scholars argue that Human Security define concept of security extremely broadly and that makes it implausible. Consequently, Human Security is very often divided into two sectors freedom from fear, and freedom from want.21Notwithstanding, in a context of globalism and global dimension of contemporary threats, Humanitarian Security offers a better way of dealing with non-traditional threats. Mostly because majority of those threats endangers directly human security first and usually affects large regions at the same time, consequently collective response is inevitable, which is rather problematic to obtai n in state-centric approaches.Comparison of both conceptionsWhich of those two approaches better adapts to contemporary standards, and offer a better way of dealing with modern threats? When we take under considerations Alan Collins argument, that conflict since the mid-1990s overwhelmingly takes place within the borders of developing states, not between states,22we would certainly assume that the state-centric approaches since the end of the Cold War are no longer adequate to current global situation. Nevertheless, there is also other aspect of a dispute between those two theories, namely humanitarian intervention. Realists strongly believe in the right to unconditional sovereignty and that in some cases, intervention may exacerbate conflict, rather than relieve it. Furthermore, interventions of different kinds are sometimes regarded as the hegemonic interference and an attempt to gain control. This in effect might cause hostility, as the threat to ones sovereignty is a threat to a security. Consequently how can we deal with new threats, which include also protection of fundamental rights, without supplying more harm than benefit? Human Security theorists believe, on the other hand, that sovereignty is conditional, as long as a state is responsible for well-being and protection of its citizens, any violation of that should require response of international community. It is strictly combined with the idea of sovereignty as responsibility.23ConclusionTo summarise, both theories in contrary way try to challenge new global security threats. Nevertheless, state-centric approaches together with the end of the Cold War seem to lost their effectiveness and plausibility. Human Security, because of its alternative attitude and flexibility in dealing with arising problems, also due to its widely defined concept of security offer methods which appear to be more adequate and have a potential of success. character of non-traditional threats is diverse, interlinked and prim arily global, therefore to deal with such threats, collective response is essential, but also of multilateral character, i.e. confronting diverse problems at the same time. The most threatened in a context of new global problems is human being, and from both of these theories, only Human Security offers a direct protection of people, and offers a resolution of global dimension, which is necessary taking under consideration global problems.

The Relationship Between Personal Values and Success Essay -- Ethics

Personal values and morals govern private success and have an impact on c beer success. Everyone has their aver set of values and ethics that have been taught throughout life. Personal values and ethics atomic number 18 learned behaviors, hence, whatsoever are easy to understand and apply, some can be acquired, and each compliments the other. encourages and ethics can carry consequences. Therefore, if one applies the practices, they can succeed. If one ignores or violates the practices, one will point out themselves in the position of self loathing, stress, or in a bad situation. These values and ethics carry over into our professional lives as we go into our careers.Value is a term that expresses the concept of worth in general, according to Wordiq (2010) and it is thought to be connected to reasons for certain practices, policies or actions. According to (Lopper, 2008) value is, a principle, or quality intrinsically valuable or desirable. (Lopper, 2007) explained the followi ngValues are personal a set of values is whats important to that individual. Values are so important that a person just doesnt feel right when what they are doing is in conflict with a value. Values conflicts can generate high levels of personal stress. There is no right or wrong set of personal values, though there are cultural norms embracing certain values as correct. Your personal code of values are whats important to you not something you want or would like to have, but something you literally need in your life to be true to yourself. A value is a principle or quality intrinsically valuable or desirable to you. Values are personal. They are your convictions, your beliefs, and your ethics rolled into one.According to (Yourdictionary, 2010) ethics is1. the study of... ...he death of Edsel, his oldest son Henry Ford II became the president of the company. It took Ford II and the team of executives he had self-collected two years to turn the company around. Ford II, being concern ed about his position within the company began pitting the executives against each other, no motion a learned behavior from his grandfather. His behaviors, professional values and ethics hindered the company from becoming the number one car company, again. Because of his own desire for job security, he would manipulate a way to rid the company of strong leaders in an attempt to retain his position at the expense of the company. Finally, there are many barriers to being successful and many degrees of success. Positive values and sound ethics build trust and exemplify competence of character. If you character is strong, the possibilities for success are endless.

Copernicus, Galileo and Hamlet :: Hamlet Copernicus

Copernicus, Galileo and critical pointIf imagination is the lifeblood of literature, then each new scientific advance which extends our scope of the universe is as fruitful to the poet as to the astronomer. External and environmental change stimulates internal and personal tropes for the poetic mind, and the new Copernican astronomy of the late 16th- and early 17th-centuries may have altered the literary composition of the era as much as any contemporaneous political shifts. Marjorie Nicolson, in The Breaking of the Circle, argues that the heliocentric system greatly influenced the metaphysical poets, oddly John Donne, as it necessarily mated the concept of a universal initiation with the preexisting notions of a personal microcosm and earthbound geocosm. Nicolson claims that the Elizabethans, Shakespeare included, failed to apply the new question of heavenly bodies to their own bodies of work, and that their obsolete cosmology confers obsolescence upon their literary endeavors. I will argue that Hamlet, written in the aftermath of Copernicuss De Revolutionibus and Tycho Brahes cosmological observations, not only follows many an(prenominal) of Nicolsons tenets for the metaphysical poetry of the time, tho stands as a central metaphor for the ambiguous period between Copernicuss initial theories and Galileos visual proofs in Sidereus Nuncius. The conflict of Hamlet is the geocentric pitted against the heliocentric Hamlet the son/Sun must revenge his Hyperion fathers death by deposition of his traitorous and swinish uncle from the English throne, the shopping center of the action and royally emblematized through the Sun. But the addition of the macrocosmic/heliocentric view to Hamlets preexisting microcosmicthat is, self-centered or, to use a word that go of etymological irony, solipsisticobsessions does not make for a happy marriage rather, the two spheres, representing externality and internality, stall Hamlets geocentric developmentearthly, physical act ion. Hamlets legendary propensity to handle stems not from a mere excess of thought but from a divisive thought process that clouded Shakespeares times its fractured and debated cosmology. As Nicolson postulates, Correspondence between macrocosm and microcosm, which man had accepted as basic to faith, was no longer valid in a new mechanical universe and mechanical world (Nicolson, xxi). In Nicolsons eyes, King Lear reflects Shakespeares preoccupation with the new cosmology more in astrological than astronomical terms Disruption in the heavens presaged disruption upon earth, the storms of the geocosm paralleled those in the microcosm, but our attention and Shakespeares is centered on Lear, the man, rather than on the world and the universe (Nicolson, 149).